Computer simulations of 4240 MOF membranes for H(2)/CH(4) separations: insights into structure–performance relations

Design of new membranes having high H(2)/CH(4) selectivity and high H(2) permeability is strongly desired to reduce the energy demand for H(2) production. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a great promise for membrane-based gas separations due to their tunable physical and chemical properties. We performed a high-throughput computational screening study to examine membrane-based H(2)/CH(4) separation potentials of 4240 MOFs. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to compute adsorption and diffusion of H(2) and CH(4) in MOFs. Simulation results were then used to predict adsorption selectivity, diffusion selectivity, gas permeability and membrane selectivity of MOFs. A large number of MOF membranes was found to outperform traditional polymer and zeolite membranes by exceeding the Robeson's upper bound for selective separation of H(2) from CH(4). Structure–performance analysis was carried out to understand the relations between MOF membranes' selectivities and their pore sizes, surface areas, porosities, densities, lattice systems, and metal types. Results showed that MOFs with pore limiting diameters between 3.8 and 6 Å, the largest cavity diameters between 6 and 12 Å, surface areas less than 1000 m(2) g(−1), porosities between 0.5 and 0.75, and densities between 1 and 1.5 g cm(−3) are the most promising membranes leading to H(2) selectivities >10 and H(2) permeabilities >10(4) Barrer. Our results suggest that monoclinic MOFs having copper metals are the best membrane candidates for H(2)/CH(4) separations. This study represents the first high-throughput computational screening of the most recent MOF database for membrane-based H(2)/CH(4) separation and microscopic insight provided from molecular simulations will be highly useful for the future design of new MOFs having extraordinarily high H(2) selectivities.