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Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology

Although the term ‘cancer’ was still over two thousand years away of being coined, the first known cases of the disease date back to about 3000BC, in ancient Egypt. Five thousand years later, still lacking a cure, it has become one of the leading causes of death, killing over half a dozen million pe...

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Autores principales: Pereira, Ricardo L., Nascimento, Isis C., Santos, Ana P., Ogusuku, Isabella E.Y., Lameu, Claudiana, Mayer, Günter, Ulrich, Henning
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals LLC 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6003562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29928493
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25260
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author Pereira, Ricardo L.
Nascimento, Isis C.
Santos, Ana P.
Ogusuku, Isabella E.Y.
Lameu, Claudiana
Mayer, Günter
Ulrich, Henning
author_facet Pereira, Ricardo L.
Nascimento, Isis C.
Santos, Ana P.
Ogusuku, Isabella E.Y.
Lameu, Claudiana
Mayer, Günter
Ulrich, Henning
author_sort Pereira, Ricardo L.
collection PubMed
description Although the term ‘cancer’ was still over two thousand years away of being coined, the first known cases of the disease date back to about 3000BC, in ancient Egypt. Five thousand years later, still lacking a cure, it has become one of the leading causes of death, killing over half a dozen million people yearly. So far, monoclonal antibodies are the most successful immune-therapy tools when it comes to fighting cancer. The number of clinical trials that use them has been increasing steadily during the past few years, especially since the Food and Drug Administration greenlit the use of the first immune-checkpoint blockade antibodies. However, albeit successful, this approach does come with the cost of auto-inflammatory toxicity. Taking this into account, the development of new therapeutic reagents with low toxicity becomes evident, particularly ones acting in tandem with the tools currently at our disposal. Ever since its discovery in the early nineties, aptamer technology has been used for a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. With similar properties to those of monoclonal antibodies, such as high-specificity of recognition and high-affinity binding, and the advantages of being developed using in vitro selection procedures, aptamers quickly became convenient building blocks for the generation of multifunctional constructs. In this review, we discuss the steps involved in the in vitro selection process that leads to functional aptamers - known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment - as well as the most recent applications of this technology in diagnostic and treatment of oncological illnesses. Moreover, we also suggest ways to improve such use.
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spelling pubmed-60035622018-06-20 Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology Pereira, Ricardo L. Nascimento, Isis C. Santos, Ana P. Ogusuku, Isabella E.Y. Lameu, Claudiana Mayer, Günter Ulrich, Henning Oncotarget Review Although the term ‘cancer’ was still over two thousand years away of being coined, the first known cases of the disease date back to about 3000BC, in ancient Egypt. Five thousand years later, still lacking a cure, it has become one of the leading causes of death, killing over half a dozen million people yearly. So far, monoclonal antibodies are the most successful immune-therapy tools when it comes to fighting cancer. The number of clinical trials that use them has been increasing steadily during the past few years, especially since the Food and Drug Administration greenlit the use of the first immune-checkpoint blockade antibodies. However, albeit successful, this approach does come with the cost of auto-inflammatory toxicity. Taking this into account, the development of new therapeutic reagents with low toxicity becomes evident, particularly ones acting in tandem with the tools currently at our disposal. Ever since its discovery in the early nineties, aptamer technology has been used for a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. With similar properties to those of monoclonal antibodies, such as high-specificity of recognition and high-affinity binding, and the advantages of being developed using in vitro selection procedures, aptamers quickly became convenient building blocks for the generation of multifunctional constructs. In this review, we discuss the steps involved in the in vitro selection process that leads to functional aptamers - known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment - as well as the most recent applications of this technology in diagnostic and treatment of oncological illnesses. Moreover, we also suggest ways to improve such use. Impact Journals LLC 2018-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6003562/ /pubmed/29928493 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25260 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Pereira et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Pereira, Ricardo L.
Nascimento, Isis C.
Santos, Ana P.
Ogusuku, Isabella E.Y.
Lameu, Claudiana
Mayer, Günter
Ulrich, Henning
Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title_full Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title_fullStr Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title_full_unstemmed Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title_short Aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
title_sort aptamers: novelty tools for cancer biology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6003562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29928493
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25260
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