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The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO(2)), a much-discussed topic in global warming, influences development and functions of mycorrhizal fungi and plants. However, due to the inconsistent results reported in various publications, the response patterns of symbionts associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (...

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Autores principales: Dong, Yuling, Wang, Zhenyu, Sun, Hao, Yang, Weichao, Xu, Hui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6004511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29942293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01248
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author Dong, Yuling
Wang, Zhenyu
Sun, Hao
Yang, Weichao
Xu, Hui
author_facet Dong, Yuling
Wang, Zhenyu
Sun, Hao
Yang, Weichao
Xu, Hui
author_sort Dong, Yuling
collection PubMed
description Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO(2)), a much-discussed topic in global warming, influences development and functions of mycorrhizal fungi and plants. However, due to the inconsistent results reported in various publications, the response patterns of symbionts associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to eCO(2) remains still unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to identify how eCO(2) affected mycorrhizal fungi and if there is a significant different response between AM and ECM symbionts. Our results demonstrated that eCO(2) increased mycorrhizal plants biomass (+26.20%), nutrient contents [+2.45% in nitrogen (N), and +10.66% in phosphorus (P)] and mycorrhizal fungal growth (+22.87% in extraradical hyphal length and +21.77% in mycorrhizal fungal biomass), whereas plant nutrient concentrations decreased (−11.86% in N and −12.01% in P) because the increase in plant biomass was greater than that in nutrient content. The AM plants exhibited larger increases in their biomass (+33.90%) and in their N (+21.99%) and P contents (+19.48%) than did the ECM plants (+20.57% in biomass, −4.28% in N content and −13.35% in P content). However, ECM fungi demonstrated increased responses of mycorrhizal fungal biomass (+29.98%) under eCO(2) compared with AM fungi (+6.61%). These data indicate different patterns in the growth of AM and ECM symbionts under eCO(2): AM symbionts contributed more to plant growth, while ECM symbionts were more favorable to mycorrhizal fungal growth. In addition, the responses of plant biomass to eCO(2) showed no significant difference between short-term and long-term groups, whereas a significant difference in the responses of mycorrhizal fungal growth was found between the two groups. The addition of N increased plant growth but decreased mycorrhizal fungal abundance, and P addition increased total plant biomass and extraradical hyphal length, but shoot biomass largely increased in low P conditions. Mixtures of mycorrhizal fungi affected the total plant and root biomasses more than a single mycorrhizal fungus. Clarifying the different patterns in AM and ECM symbionts under eCO(2) would contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbionts under the conditions of global climate change as well as of the coevolution of flora with Earth's environment.
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spelling pubmed-60045112018-06-25 The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis Dong, Yuling Wang, Zhenyu Sun, Hao Yang, Weichao Xu, Hui Front Microbiol Microbiology Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO(2)), a much-discussed topic in global warming, influences development and functions of mycorrhizal fungi and plants. However, due to the inconsistent results reported in various publications, the response patterns of symbionts associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to eCO(2) remains still unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to identify how eCO(2) affected mycorrhizal fungi and if there is a significant different response between AM and ECM symbionts. Our results demonstrated that eCO(2) increased mycorrhizal plants biomass (+26.20%), nutrient contents [+2.45% in nitrogen (N), and +10.66% in phosphorus (P)] and mycorrhizal fungal growth (+22.87% in extraradical hyphal length and +21.77% in mycorrhizal fungal biomass), whereas plant nutrient concentrations decreased (−11.86% in N and −12.01% in P) because the increase in plant biomass was greater than that in nutrient content. The AM plants exhibited larger increases in their biomass (+33.90%) and in their N (+21.99%) and P contents (+19.48%) than did the ECM plants (+20.57% in biomass, −4.28% in N content and −13.35% in P content). However, ECM fungi demonstrated increased responses of mycorrhizal fungal biomass (+29.98%) under eCO(2) compared with AM fungi (+6.61%). These data indicate different patterns in the growth of AM and ECM symbionts under eCO(2): AM symbionts contributed more to plant growth, while ECM symbionts were more favorable to mycorrhizal fungal growth. In addition, the responses of plant biomass to eCO(2) showed no significant difference between short-term and long-term groups, whereas a significant difference in the responses of mycorrhizal fungal growth was found between the two groups. The addition of N increased plant growth but decreased mycorrhizal fungal abundance, and P addition increased total plant biomass and extraradical hyphal length, but shoot biomass largely increased in low P conditions. Mixtures of mycorrhizal fungi affected the total plant and root biomasses more than a single mycorrhizal fungus. Clarifying the different patterns in AM and ECM symbionts under eCO(2) would contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbionts under the conditions of global climate change as well as of the coevolution of flora with Earth's environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6004511/ /pubmed/29942293 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01248 Text en Copyright © 2018 Dong, Wang, Sun, Yang and Xu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Dong, Yuling
Wang, Zhenyu
Sun, Hao
Yang, Weichao
Xu, Hui
The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title_full The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title_short The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO(2): A Meta-Analysis
title_sort response patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbionts under elevated co(2): a meta-analysis
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6004511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29942293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01248
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