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Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect

We investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on fluid and solute transport across endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Our motivation was transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that has been investigated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, to enhance neurore...

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Autores principales: Cancel, Limary M., Arias, Katherin, Bikson, Marom, Tarbell, John M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29915178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27524-9
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author Cancel, Limary M.
Arias, Katherin
Bikson, Marom
Tarbell, John M.
author_facet Cancel, Limary M.
Arias, Katherin
Bikson, Marom
Tarbell, John M.
author_sort Cancel, Limary M.
collection PubMed
description We investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on fluid and solute transport across endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Our motivation was transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that has been investigated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, to enhance neurorehabilitation, and to change cognition in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying this diversity of applications remain under investigation. To address the possible role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) changes during tDCS, we applied direct current to cultured EC monolayers in a specially designed chamber that generated spatially uniform direct current. DCS induced fluid and solute movement across EC layers that persisted only for the duration of the stimulation suggesting an electroosmosis mechanism. The direction of induced transport reversed with DCS polarity – a hallmark of the electroosmotic effect. The magnitude of DCS-induced flow was linearly correlated to the magnitude of the applied current. A mathematical model based on a two-pore description of the endothelial transport barrier and a Helmholtz model of the electrical double layer describes the experimental data accurately and predicts enhanced significance of this mechanism in less permeable monolayers. This study demonstrates that DCS transiently alters the transport function of the BBB suggesting a new adjunct mechanism of tDCS.
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spelling pubmed-60063342018-06-26 Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect Cancel, Limary M. Arias, Katherin Bikson, Marom Tarbell, John M. Sci Rep Article We investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on fluid and solute transport across endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Our motivation was transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that has been investigated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, to enhance neurorehabilitation, and to change cognition in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying this diversity of applications remain under investigation. To address the possible role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) changes during tDCS, we applied direct current to cultured EC monolayers in a specially designed chamber that generated spatially uniform direct current. DCS induced fluid and solute movement across EC layers that persisted only for the duration of the stimulation suggesting an electroosmosis mechanism. The direction of induced transport reversed with DCS polarity – a hallmark of the electroosmotic effect. The magnitude of DCS-induced flow was linearly correlated to the magnitude of the applied current. A mathematical model based on a two-pore description of the endothelial transport barrier and a Helmholtz model of the electrical double layer describes the experimental data accurately and predicts enhanced significance of this mechanism in less permeable monolayers. This study demonstrates that DCS transiently alters the transport function of the BBB suggesting a new adjunct mechanism of tDCS. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6006334/ /pubmed/29915178 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27524-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Cancel, Limary M.
Arias, Katherin
Bikson, Marom
Tarbell, John M.
Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title_full Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title_fullStr Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title_full_unstemmed Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title_short Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
title_sort direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6006334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29915178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27524-9
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