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Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes?
BACKGROUND: Parasites can exert selection pressure on their hosts through effects on survival, on reproductive success, on sexually selected ornament, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences, such as changes in population viability. Consequently, hemoparasites have become the focus o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6008929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29921331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2940-3 |
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author | Masello, Juan F. Martínez, Javier Calderón, Luciano Wink, Michael Quillfeldt, Petra Sanz, Virginia Theuerkauf, Jörn Ortiz-Catedral, Luis Berkunsky, Igor Brunton, Dianne Díaz-Luque, José A. Hauber, Mark E. Ojeda, Valeria Barnaud, Antoine Casalins, Laura Jackson, Bethany Mijares, Alfredo Rosales, Romel Seixas, Gláucia Serafini, Patricia Silva-Iturriza, Adriana Sipinski, Elenise Vásquez, Rodrigo A. Widmann, Peter Widmann, Indira Merino, Santiago |
author_facet | Masello, Juan F. Martínez, Javier Calderón, Luciano Wink, Michael Quillfeldt, Petra Sanz, Virginia Theuerkauf, Jörn Ortiz-Catedral, Luis Berkunsky, Igor Brunton, Dianne Díaz-Luque, José A. Hauber, Mark E. Ojeda, Valeria Barnaud, Antoine Casalins, Laura Jackson, Bethany Mijares, Alfredo Rosales, Romel Seixas, Gláucia Serafini, Patricia Silva-Iturriza, Adriana Sipinski, Elenise Vásquez, Rodrigo A. Widmann, Peter Widmann, Indira Merino, Santiago |
author_sort | Masello, Juan F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Parasites can exert selection pressure on their hosts through effects on survival, on reproductive success, on sexually selected ornament, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences, such as changes in population viability. Consequently, hemoparasites have become the focus of recent avian studies. Infection varies significantly among taxa. Various factors might explain the differences in infection among taxa, including habitat, climate, host density, the presence of vectors, life history and immune defence. Feeding behaviour can also be relevant both through increased exposure to vectors and consumption of secondary metabolites with preventative or therapeutic effects that can reduce parasite load. However, the latter has been little investigated. Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are a good model to investigate these topics, as they are known to use biological control against ectoparasites and to feed on toxic food. We investigated the presence of avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium), intracellular haemosporidians (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon), unicellular flagellate protozoans (Trypanosoma) and microfilariae in 19 Psittaciformes species from a range of habitats in the Indo-Malayan, Australasian and Neotropical regions. We gathered additional data on hemoparasites in wild Psittaciformes from the literature. We considered factors that may control the presence of hemoparasites in the Psittaciformes, compiling information on diet, habitat, and climate. Furthermore, we investigated the role of diet in providing antiparasitic secondary metabolites that could be used as self-medication to reduce parasite load. RESULTS: We found hemoparasites in only two of 19 species sampled. Among them, all species that consume at least one food item known for its secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, were free from hemoparasites. In contrast, the infected parrots do not consume food items with antimalarial or even general antiparasitic properties. We found that the two infected species in this study consumed omnivorous diets. When we combined our data with data from studies previously investigating blood parasites in wild parrots, the positive relationship between omnivorous diets and hemoparasite infestation was confirmed. Individuals from open habitats were less infected than those from forests. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of food items known for their secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, as well as the higher proportion of infected species among omnivorous parrots, could explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites reported in many vertebrates. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2940-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6008929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60089292018-06-26 Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? Masello, Juan F. Martínez, Javier Calderón, Luciano Wink, Michael Quillfeldt, Petra Sanz, Virginia Theuerkauf, Jörn Ortiz-Catedral, Luis Berkunsky, Igor Brunton, Dianne Díaz-Luque, José A. Hauber, Mark E. Ojeda, Valeria Barnaud, Antoine Casalins, Laura Jackson, Bethany Mijares, Alfredo Rosales, Romel Seixas, Gláucia Serafini, Patricia Silva-Iturriza, Adriana Sipinski, Elenise Vásquez, Rodrigo A. Widmann, Peter Widmann, Indira Merino, Santiago Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Parasites can exert selection pressure on their hosts through effects on survival, on reproductive success, on sexually selected ornament, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences, such as changes in population viability. Consequently, hemoparasites have become the focus of recent avian studies. Infection varies significantly among taxa. Various factors might explain the differences in infection among taxa, including habitat, climate, host density, the presence of vectors, life history and immune defence. Feeding behaviour can also be relevant both through increased exposure to vectors and consumption of secondary metabolites with preventative or therapeutic effects that can reduce parasite load. However, the latter has been little investigated. Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are a good model to investigate these topics, as they are known to use biological control against ectoparasites and to feed on toxic food. We investigated the presence of avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium), intracellular haemosporidians (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon), unicellular flagellate protozoans (Trypanosoma) and microfilariae in 19 Psittaciformes species from a range of habitats in the Indo-Malayan, Australasian and Neotropical regions. We gathered additional data on hemoparasites in wild Psittaciformes from the literature. We considered factors that may control the presence of hemoparasites in the Psittaciformes, compiling information on diet, habitat, and climate. Furthermore, we investigated the role of diet in providing antiparasitic secondary metabolites that could be used as self-medication to reduce parasite load. RESULTS: We found hemoparasites in only two of 19 species sampled. Among them, all species that consume at least one food item known for its secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, were free from hemoparasites. In contrast, the infected parrots do not consume food items with antimalarial or even general antiparasitic properties. We found that the two infected species in this study consumed omnivorous diets. When we combined our data with data from studies previously investigating blood parasites in wild parrots, the positive relationship between omnivorous diets and hemoparasite infestation was confirmed. Individuals from open habitats were less infected than those from forests. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of food items known for their secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, as well as the higher proportion of infected species among omnivorous parrots, could explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites reported in many vertebrates. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2940-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6008929/ /pubmed/29921331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2940-3 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Masello, Juan F. Martínez, Javier Calderón, Luciano Wink, Michael Quillfeldt, Petra Sanz, Virginia Theuerkauf, Jörn Ortiz-Catedral, Luis Berkunsky, Igor Brunton, Dianne Díaz-Luque, José A. Hauber, Mark E. Ojeda, Valeria Barnaud, Antoine Casalins, Laura Jackson, Bethany Mijares, Alfredo Rosales, Romel Seixas, Gláucia Serafini, Patricia Silva-Iturriza, Adriana Sipinski, Elenise Vásquez, Rodrigo A. Widmann, Peter Widmann, Indira Merino, Santiago Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title | Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title_full | Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title_fullStr | Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title_full_unstemmed | Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title_short | Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes? |
title_sort | can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild psittaciformes? |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6008929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29921331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2940-3 |
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