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Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist

INTRODUCTION: Proper psychiatric evaluation of patients necessitates that the clinician be vigilant in ruling out secondary causes of symptoms, such as substance-induced symptoms. Immunoassay-type urine drug screens (UDSs) offer clinicians rapid drug screen results, ease of use, and inexpensive cost...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wilkening, G. Lucy, Hale, Genevieve M., Ross, Clint
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: College of Psychiatric & Neurologic Pharmacists 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6009242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29955446
http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2016.01.042
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author Wilkening, G. Lucy
Hale, Genevieve M.
Ross, Clint
author_facet Wilkening, G. Lucy
Hale, Genevieve M.
Ross, Clint
author_sort Wilkening, G. Lucy
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Proper psychiatric evaluation of patients necessitates that the clinician be vigilant in ruling out secondary causes of symptoms, such as substance-induced symptoms. Immunoassay-type urine drug screens (UDSs) offer clinicians rapid drug screen results, ease of use, and inexpensive cost. Unfortunately, these screens are not without their limitations. This review aims to outline the nuances and limitations of immunoassay UDSs and to provide the clinician with information that facilitates more accurate interpretation of UDS results. Specifically, false positive results associated with psychiatric medications and the availability and methods for acquisition of commercialized UDS masking agents will be reviewed. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify false positive UDSs associated with psychiatric medications. References for each article identified were also reviewed. Additionally, a Google® search was conducted to identify commercially available preparations used to mask UDS results and the methods of acquisition of these products. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles were identified using PubMed. No articles for mood stabilizing agents were identified. Entering the phrase how to pass a drug test into Google® search yielded about 12.6 million results, and select references were reviewed based on relevance and user reviews. DISCUSSION: Several psychiatric medications are documented as potential sources of false positive UDSs. Additionally, several agents are available for consumer purchase that may result in false negative UDSs. The clinician must be vigilant in interpreting immunoassay UDS results and should utilize more advanced forms of testing as clinically appropriate.
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spelling pubmed-60092422018-06-28 Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist Wilkening, G. Lucy Hale, Genevieve M. Ross, Clint Ment Health Clin Literature Reviews INTRODUCTION: Proper psychiatric evaluation of patients necessitates that the clinician be vigilant in ruling out secondary causes of symptoms, such as substance-induced symptoms. Immunoassay-type urine drug screens (UDSs) offer clinicians rapid drug screen results, ease of use, and inexpensive cost. Unfortunately, these screens are not without their limitations. This review aims to outline the nuances and limitations of immunoassay UDSs and to provide the clinician with information that facilitates more accurate interpretation of UDS results. Specifically, false positive results associated with psychiatric medications and the availability and methods for acquisition of commercialized UDS masking agents will be reviewed. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify false positive UDSs associated with psychiatric medications. References for each article identified were also reviewed. Additionally, a Google® search was conducted to identify commercially available preparations used to mask UDS results and the methods of acquisition of these products. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles were identified using PubMed. No articles for mood stabilizing agents were identified. Entering the phrase how to pass a drug test into Google® search yielded about 12.6 million results, and select references were reviewed based on relevance and user reviews. DISCUSSION: Several psychiatric medications are documented as potential sources of false positive UDSs. Additionally, several agents are available for consumer purchase that may result in false negative UDSs. The clinician must be vigilant in interpreting immunoassay UDS results and should utilize more advanced forms of testing as clinically appropriate. College of Psychiatric & Neurologic Pharmacists 2016-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6009242/ /pubmed/29955446 http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2016.01.042 Text en © 2016 CPNP. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Mental Health Clinician is a publication of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Literature Reviews
Wilkening, G. Lucy
Hale, Genevieve M.
Ross, Clint
Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title_full Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title_fullStr Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title_full_unstemmed Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title_short Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
title_sort urine drug screens: considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
topic Literature Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6009242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29955446
http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2016.01.042
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