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Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged since 2013 as a significant global human health threat following outbreaks in the Pacific Islands and rapid spread throughout South and Central America. Severe congenital and neurological sequelae have been linked to ZIKV infections. Assessing the ability of common mosq...

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Autores principales: Main, Bradley J., Nicholson, Jay, Winokur, Olivia C., Steiner, Cody, Riemersma, Kasen K., Stuart, Jackson, Takeshita, Ryan, Krasnec, Michelle, Barker, Christopher M., Coffey, Lark L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29927940
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006524
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author Main, Bradley J.
Nicholson, Jay
Winokur, Olivia C.
Steiner, Cody
Riemersma, Kasen K.
Stuart, Jackson
Takeshita, Ryan
Krasnec, Michelle
Barker, Christopher M.
Coffey, Lark L.
author_facet Main, Bradley J.
Nicholson, Jay
Winokur, Olivia C.
Steiner, Cody
Riemersma, Kasen K.
Stuart, Jackson
Takeshita, Ryan
Krasnec, Michelle
Barker, Christopher M.
Coffey, Lark L.
author_sort Main, Bradley J.
collection PubMed
description Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged since 2013 as a significant global human health threat following outbreaks in the Pacific Islands and rapid spread throughout South and Central America. Severe congenital and neurological sequelae have been linked to ZIKV infections. Assessing the ability of common mosquito species to transmit ZIKV and characterizing variation in mosquito transmission of different ZIKV strains is important for estimating regional outbreak potential and for prioritizing local mosquito control strategies for Aedes and Culex species. In this study, we evaluated the laboratory vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex tarsalis that originated in areas of California where ZIKV cases in travelers since 2015 were frequent. We compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates by measuring ZIKV RNA levels in cohorts of mosquitoes that ingested blood meals from type I interferon-deficient mice infected with either a Puerto Rican ZIKV strain from 2015 (PR15), a Brazilian ZIKV strain from 2015 (BR15), or an ancestral Asian-lineage Malaysian ZIKV strain from 1966 (MA66). With PR15, Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection (0%, N = 42) and Cx. tarsalis was infected at 4% (N = 46). No ZIKV RNA was detected in saliva from either Culex species 14 or 21 days post feeding (dpf). In contrast, Ae. aegypti developed infection rates of 85% (PR15; N = 46), 90% (BR15; N = 20), and 81% (MA66; N = 85) 14 or 15 dpf. Although MA66-infected Ae. aegypti showed higher levels of ZIKV RNA in mosquito bodies and legs, transmission rates were not significantly different across virus strains (P = 0.13, Fisher’s exact test). To confirm infectivity and measure the transmitted ZIKV dose, we enumerated infectious ZIKV in Ae. aegypti saliva using Vero cell plaque assays. The expectorated plaque forming units PFU varied by viral strain: MA66-infected expectorated 13±4 PFU (mean±SE, N = 13) compared to 29±6 PFU for PR15-infected (N = 13) and 35±8 PFU for BR15-infected (N = 6; ANOVA, df = 2, F = 3.8, P = 0.035). These laboratory vector competence results support an emerging consensus that Cx. tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus are not vectors of ZIKV. These results also indicate that Ae. aegypti from California are efficient laboratory vectors of ancestral and contemporary Asian lineage ZIKV.
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spelling pubmed-60130202018-07-06 Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus Main, Bradley J. Nicholson, Jay Winokur, Olivia C. Steiner, Cody Riemersma, Kasen K. Stuart, Jackson Takeshita, Ryan Krasnec, Michelle Barker, Christopher M. Coffey, Lark L. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged since 2013 as a significant global human health threat following outbreaks in the Pacific Islands and rapid spread throughout South and Central America. Severe congenital and neurological sequelae have been linked to ZIKV infections. Assessing the ability of common mosquito species to transmit ZIKV and characterizing variation in mosquito transmission of different ZIKV strains is important for estimating regional outbreak potential and for prioritizing local mosquito control strategies for Aedes and Culex species. In this study, we evaluated the laboratory vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex tarsalis that originated in areas of California where ZIKV cases in travelers since 2015 were frequent. We compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates by measuring ZIKV RNA levels in cohorts of mosquitoes that ingested blood meals from type I interferon-deficient mice infected with either a Puerto Rican ZIKV strain from 2015 (PR15), a Brazilian ZIKV strain from 2015 (BR15), or an ancestral Asian-lineage Malaysian ZIKV strain from 1966 (MA66). With PR15, Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection (0%, N = 42) and Cx. tarsalis was infected at 4% (N = 46). No ZIKV RNA was detected in saliva from either Culex species 14 or 21 days post feeding (dpf). In contrast, Ae. aegypti developed infection rates of 85% (PR15; N = 46), 90% (BR15; N = 20), and 81% (MA66; N = 85) 14 or 15 dpf. Although MA66-infected Ae. aegypti showed higher levels of ZIKV RNA in mosquito bodies and legs, transmission rates were not significantly different across virus strains (P = 0.13, Fisher’s exact test). To confirm infectivity and measure the transmitted ZIKV dose, we enumerated infectious ZIKV in Ae. aegypti saliva using Vero cell plaque assays. The expectorated plaque forming units PFU varied by viral strain: MA66-infected expectorated 13±4 PFU (mean±SE, N = 13) compared to 29±6 PFU for PR15-infected (N = 13) and 35±8 PFU for BR15-infected (N = 6; ANOVA, df = 2, F = 3.8, P = 0.035). These laboratory vector competence results support an emerging consensus that Cx. tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus are not vectors of ZIKV. These results also indicate that Ae. aegypti from California are efficient laboratory vectors of ancestral and contemporary Asian lineage ZIKV. Public Library of Science 2018-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6013020/ /pubmed/29927940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006524 Text en © 2018 Main et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Main, Bradley J.
Nicholson, Jay
Winokur, Olivia C.
Steiner, Cody
Riemersma, Kasen K.
Stuart, Jackson
Takeshita, Ryan
Krasnec, Michelle
Barker, Christopher M.
Coffey, Lark L.
Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title_full Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title_fullStr Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title_full_unstemmed Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title_short Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus
title_sort vector competence of aedes aegypti, culex tarsalis, and culex quinquefasciatus from california for zika virus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29927940
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006524
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