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The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness
INTRODUCTION: Whilst the link between physical factors and risk of high altitude (HA)-related illness and acute mountain sickness (AMS) have been extensively explored, the influence of psychological factors has been less well examined. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between ‘...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29927953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197147 |
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author | Boos, Christopher J. Bass, Malcolm O’Hara, John P. Vincent, Emma Mellor, Adrian Sevier, Luke Abdul-Razakq, Humayra Cooke, Mark Barlow, Matt Woods, David R. |
author_facet | Boos, Christopher J. Bass, Malcolm O’Hara, John P. Vincent, Emma Mellor, Adrian Sevier, Luke Abdul-Razakq, Humayra Cooke, Mark Barlow, Matt Woods, David R. |
author_sort | Boos, Christopher J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Whilst the link between physical factors and risk of high altitude (HA)-related illness and acute mountain sickness (AMS) have been extensively explored, the influence of psychological factors has been less well examined. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between ‘anxiety and AMS risk during a progressive ascent to very HA. METHODS: Eighty health adults were assessed at baseline (848m) and over 9 consecutive altitudes during a progressive trek to 5140m. HA-related symptoms (Lake Louise [LLS] and AMS-C Scores) and state anxiety (State-Trait-Anxiety-Score [STAI Y-1]) were examined at each altitude with trait anxiety (STAI Y-2) at baseline. RESULTS: The average age was 32.1 ± 8.3 years (67.5% men). STAI Y-1 scores fell from 848m to 3619m, before increasing to above baseline scores (848m) at ≥4072m (p = 0.01). STAI Y-1 scores correlated with LLS (r = 0.31; 0.24–0.3; P<0.0001) and AMS-C Scores (r = 0.29; 0.22–0.35; P<0.0001). There was significant main effect for sex (higher STAI Y-1 scores in women) and altitude with no sex-x-altitude interaction on STAI Y-1 Scores. Independent predictors of significant state anxiety included female sex, lower age, higher heart rate and increasing LLS and AMS-C scores (p<0.0001). A total of 38/80 subjects (47.5%) developed AMS which was mild in 20 (25%) and severe in 18 (22.5%). Baseline STAI Y-2 scores were an independent predictor of future severe AMS (B = 1.13; 1.009–1.28; p = 0.04; r(2) = 0.23) and STAI Y-1 scores at HA independently predicted AMS and its severity. CONCLUSION: Trait anxiety at low altitude was an independent predictor of future severe AMS development at HA. State anxiety at HA was independently associated with AMS and its severity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6013200 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60132002018-07-06 The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness Boos, Christopher J. Bass, Malcolm O’Hara, John P. Vincent, Emma Mellor, Adrian Sevier, Luke Abdul-Razakq, Humayra Cooke, Mark Barlow, Matt Woods, David R. PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: Whilst the link between physical factors and risk of high altitude (HA)-related illness and acute mountain sickness (AMS) have been extensively explored, the influence of psychological factors has been less well examined. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between ‘anxiety and AMS risk during a progressive ascent to very HA. METHODS: Eighty health adults were assessed at baseline (848m) and over 9 consecutive altitudes during a progressive trek to 5140m. HA-related symptoms (Lake Louise [LLS] and AMS-C Scores) and state anxiety (State-Trait-Anxiety-Score [STAI Y-1]) were examined at each altitude with trait anxiety (STAI Y-2) at baseline. RESULTS: The average age was 32.1 ± 8.3 years (67.5% men). STAI Y-1 scores fell from 848m to 3619m, before increasing to above baseline scores (848m) at ≥4072m (p = 0.01). STAI Y-1 scores correlated with LLS (r = 0.31; 0.24–0.3; P<0.0001) and AMS-C Scores (r = 0.29; 0.22–0.35; P<0.0001). There was significant main effect for sex (higher STAI Y-1 scores in women) and altitude with no sex-x-altitude interaction on STAI Y-1 Scores. Independent predictors of significant state anxiety included female sex, lower age, higher heart rate and increasing LLS and AMS-C scores (p<0.0001). A total of 38/80 subjects (47.5%) developed AMS which was mild in 20 (25%) and severe in 18 (22.5%). Baseline STAI Y-2 scores were an independent predictor of future severe AMS (B = 1.13; 1.009–1.28; p = 0.04; r(2) = 0.23) and STAI Y-1 scores at HA independently predicted AMS and its severity. CONCLUSION: Trait anxiety at low altitude was an independent predictor of future severe AMS development at HA. State anxiety at HA was independently associated with AMS and its severity. Public Library of Science 2018-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6013200/ /pubmed/29927953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197147 Text en © 2018 Boos et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Boos, Christopher J. Bass, Malcolm O’Hara, John P. Vincent, Emma Mellor, Adrian Sevier, Luke Abdul-Razakq, Humayra Cooke, Mark Barlow, Matt Woods, David R. The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title | The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title_full | The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title_fullStr | The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title_short | The relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
title_sort | relationship between anxiety and acute mountain sickness |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29927953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197147 |
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