Cargando…
The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a complex pathological process where the main scenario is represented by progressive loss of microvascular bed, with the consequent progressive fibrotic changes in involved organ and tissues. Although most aspects of vascular i...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29967618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01383 |
_version_ | 1783334472656093184 |
---|---|
author | Del Papa, Nicoletta Pignataro, Francesca |
author_facet | Del Papa, Nicoletta Pignataro, Francesca |
author_sort | Del Papa, Nicoletta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a complex pathological process where the main scenario is represented by progressive loss of microvascular bed, with the consequent progressive fibrotic changes in involved organ and tissues. Although most aspects of vascular injury in scleroderma are poorly understood, recent data suggest that the scleroderma impairment of neovascularization could be related to both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis failure. Particularly, compensatory angiogenesis does not occur normally in spite of an important increase in many angiogenic factors either in SSc skin or serum. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, the contribution of defective vasculogenesis to SSc vasculopathy has been extensively studied. Over the last decades, our understanding of the processes responsible for the formation of new vessels after tissue ischemia has increased. In the past, adult neovascularization was thought to depend mainly on angiogenesis (a process by which new vessels are formed by the proliferation and migration of mature endothelial cells). More recently, increased evidence suggests that stem cells mobilize from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (PB), differentiate in circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and home to site of ischemia to contribute to de novo vessel formation. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and molecular mechanisms regulating EPC function. Autologous EPCs now are becoming a novel treatment option for therapeutic vascularization and vascular repair, mainly in ischemic diseases. However, different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and peripheral artery ischemia are related to EPC dysfunction. Several studies have shown that EPCs can be detected in the PB of patients with SSc and are impaired in their function. Based on an online literature search (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, last updated December 2017) using keywords related to “endothelial progenitor cells” and “Systemic Sclerosis,” “scleroderma vasculopathy,” “angiogenesis,” “vasculogenesis,” this review gives an overview on the large body of data of current research in this issue, including controversies over the identity and functions of EPCs, their meaning as biomarker of SSc microangiopathy and their clinical potency. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6015881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60158812018-07-02 The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis Del Papa, Nicoletta Pignataro, Francesca Front Immunol Immunology Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a complex pathological process where the main scenario is represented by progressive loss of microvascular bed, with the consequent progressive fibrotic changes in involved organ and tissues. Although most aspects of vascular injury in scleroderma are poorly understood, recent data suggest that the scleroderma impairment of neovascularization could be related to both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis failure. Particularly, compensatory angiogenesis does not occur normally in spite of an important increase in many angiogenic factors either in SSc skin or serum. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, the contribution of defective vasculogenesis to SSc vasculopathy has been extensively studied. Over the last decades, our understanding of the processes responsible for the formation of new vessels after tissue ischemia has increased. In the past, adult neovascularization was thought to depend mainly on angiogenesis (a process by which new vessels are formed by the proliferation and migration of mature endothelial cells). More recently, increased evidence suggests that stem cells mobilize from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (PB), differentiate in circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and home to site of ischemia to contribute to de novo vessel formation. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and molecular mechanisms regulating EPC function. Autologous EPCs now are becoming a novel treatment option for therapeutic vascularization and vascular repair, mainly in ischemic diseases. However, different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and peripheral artery ischemia are related to EPC dysfunction. Several studies have shown that EPCs can be detected in the PB of patients with SSc and are impaired in their function. Based on an online literature search (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, last updated December 2017) using keywords related to “endothelial progenitor cells” and “Systemic Sclerosis,” “scleroderma vasculopathy,” “angiogenesis,” “vasculogenesis,” this review gives an overview on the large body of data of current research in this issue, including controversies over the identity and functions of EPCs, their meaning as biomarker of SSc microangiopathy and their clinical potency. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6015881/ /pubmed/29967618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01383 Text en Copyright © 2018 Del Papa and Pignataro. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Del Papa, Nicoletta Pignataro, Francesca The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title | The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title_full | The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title_short | The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis |
title_sort | role of endothelial progenitors in the repair of vascular damage in systemic sclerosis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29967618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01383 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT delpapanicoletta theroleofendothelialprogenitorsintherepairofvasculardamageinsystemicsclerosis AT pignatarofrancesca theroleofendothelialprogenitorsintherepairofvasculardamageinsystemicsclerosis AT delpapanicoletta roleofendothelialprogenitorsintherepairofvasculardamageinsystemicsclerosis AT pignatarofrancesca roleofendothelialprogenitorsintherepairofvasculardamageinsystemicsclerosis |