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Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants
When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the human skin produces profuse reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate a variety of biological responses. Mounting ROS levels activate tyrosinase by mobilizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the epidermis and finally stimulates the melanocyt...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6017046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010106 |
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author | Wang, Yan Hao, Mi-Mi Sun, Ying Wang, Li-Feng Wang, Hao Zhang, Yan-Jun Li, Hong-Yan Zhuang, Peng-Wei Yang, Zhen |
author_facet | Wang, Yan Hao, Mi-Mi Sun, Ying Wang, Li-Feng Wang, Hao Zhang, Yan-Jun Li, Hong-Yan Zhuang, Peng-Wei Yang, Zhen |
author_sort | Wang, Yan |
collection | PubMed |
description | When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the human skin produces profuse reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate a variety of biological responses. Mounting ROS levels activate tyrosinase by mobilizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the epidermis and finally stimulates the melanocytes to produce melanin. Meanwhile, the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, which removes ROS, is activated at increased ROS levels, and antioxidant compounds facilitates the dissociation of Nrf2. In this study, we explored the possible suppressing effects of antioxidant compounds and tyrosine inhibitors on melanin formation and the promotory effects of these compounds on ROS scavenging. The antioxidant activity of glabridin (GLA), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXYR), and phenylethylresorcinol (PR) were investigated via the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The inhibitory effects of the four compounds and their mixtures on tyrosinase were evaluated. l-Tyrosine or 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) was used as a substrate. The results showed that all mixtures did not exhibit synergistic effects with the l-tyrosine as a substrate, suggesting that l-tyrosine is not suitable as a substrate. However, the mixtures of “GLA:RES,” “GLA:OXYR,” “OXYR:RES,” and “PR:RES” demonstrated synergistic effects (CI < 0.9, p < 0.05), whereas “GLA:RES” and “PR:OXYR” indicated an additive effect (0.9 ditive1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we used a molecular docking strategy to study the interactions of the four compounds with tyrosinase and l-DOPA. The molecular docking result is consistent with that of the experiment. Finally, we selected RES + OXYR and used PIG1 cells to verify whether OXYR synergistically promotes RES activity on tyrosinase. The two agents had a synergistic inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. These results provided a novel synergistic strategy for antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors, and this strategy is useful in skin injury treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6017046 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60170462018-11-13 Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants Wang, Yan Hao, Mi-Mi Sun, Ying Wang, Li-Feng Wang, Hao Zhang, Yan-Jun Li, Hong-Yan Zhuang, Peng-Wei Yang, Zhen Molecules Article When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the human skin produces profuse reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate a variety of biological responses. Mounting ROS levels activate tyrosinase by mobilizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the epidermis and finally stimulates the melanocytes to produce melanin. Meanwhile, the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, which removes ROS, is activated at increased ROS levels, and antioxidant compounds facilitates the dissociation of Nrf2. In this study, we explored the possible suppressing effects of antioxidant compounds and tyrosine inhibitors on melanin formation and the promotory effects of these compounds on ROS scavenging. The antioxidant activity of glabridin (GLA), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXYR), and phenylethylresorcinol (PR) were investigated via the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The inhibitory effects of the four compounds and their mixtures on tyrosinase were evaluated. l-Tyrosine or 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) was used as a substrate. The results showed that all mixtures did not exhibit synergistic effects with the l-tyrosine as a substrate, suggesting that l-tyrosine is not suitable as a substrate. However, the mixtures of “GLA:RES,” “GLA:OXYR,” “OXYR:RES,” and “PR:RES” demonstrated synergistic effects (CI < 0.9, p < 0.05), whereas “GLA:RES” and “PR:OXYR” indicated an additive effect (0.9 ditive1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we used a molecular docking strategy to study the interactions of the four compounds with tyrosinase and l-DOPA. The molecular docking result is consistent with that of the experiment. Finally, we selected RES + OXYR and used PIG1 cells to verify whether OXYR synergistically promotes RES activity on tyrosinase. The two agents had a synergistic inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. These results provided a novel synergistic strategy for antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors, and this strategy is useful in skin injury treatment. MDPI 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6017046/ /pubmed/29300356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010106 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Yan Hao, Mi-Mi Sun, Ying Wang, Li-Feng Wang, Hao Zhang, Yan-Jun Li, Hong-Yan Zhuang, Peng-Wei Yang, Zhen Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title | Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title_full | Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title_fullStr | Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title_short | Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants |
title_sort | synergistic promotion on tyrosinase inhibition by antioxidants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6017046/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010106 |
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