Half-Sandwich Ru(II) and Os(II) Bathophenanthroline Complexes Containing a Releasable Dichloroacetato Ligand

We report on the preparation and thorough characterization of cytotoxic half-sandwich complexes [Ru(η(6)-pcym)(bphen)(dca)]PF(6) (Ru-dca) and [Os(η(6)-pcym)(bphen)(dca)]PF(6) (Os-dca) containing dichloroacetate(1–) (dca) as the releasable O-donor ligand bearing its own cytotoxicity; pcym = 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene (p-cymene), bphen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathophenanthroline). Complexes Ru-dca and Os-dca hydrolyzed in the water-containing media, which led to the dca ligand release (supported by (1)H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectra). Mass spectrometry studies revealed that complexes Ru-dca and Os-dca do not interact covalently with the model proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme. Both complexes exhibited slightly higher in vitro cytotoxicity (IC(50) = 3.5 μM for Ru-dca, and 2.6 μM for Os-dca) against the A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells than cisplatin (IC(50) = 5.9 μM), while their toxicity on the healthy human hepatocytes was found to be IC(50) = 19.1 μM for Ru-dca and IC(50) = 19.7 μM for Os-dca. Despite comparable cytotoxicity of complexes Ru-dca and Os-dca, both the complexes modified the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial cytochrome c release by a different way, as revealed by flow cytometry experiments. The obtained results point out the different mechanisms of action between the complexes.