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The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli
While nanoparticles exert bactericidal effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the processes of the internalization of and the direct physical damage caused by iron oxide nanoparticles are not completely clear. We hypothesize that direct physical or mechanical damage of the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6017908/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030606 |
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author | Li, Yunqiao Yang, Dong Wang, Shang Li, Chenyu Xue, Bin Yang, Lin Shen, Zhiqiang Jin, Min Wang, Jingfeng Qiu, Zhigang |
author_facet | Li, Yunqiao Yang, Dong Wang, Shang Li, Chenyu Xue, Bin Yang, Lin Shen, Zhiqiang Jin, Min Wang, Jingfeng Qiu, Zhigang |
author_sort | Li, Yunqiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | While nanoparticles exert bactericidal effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the processes of the internalization of and the direct physical damage caused by iron oxide nanoparticles are not completely clear. We hypothesize that direct physical or mechanical damage of the cell membrane and cytoplasmic integrity by nanoparticles is another major cause of bacterial death besides ROS. The aim of this study is to investigate the process of the internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles, and to evaluate the effect of direct physical or mechanical damage on bacterial cell growth and death. The results demonstrate that iron oxide nanoparticles not only inhibited E. coli cell growth, but also caused bacterial cell death. Iron oxide nanoparticles produced significantly elevated ROS levels in bacteria. Transmission electronic microscopy demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles were internalized into and condensed the cytoplasm. Strikingly, we observed that the internalized nanoparticles caused intracellular vacuole formation, instead of simply adsorbing thereon; and formed clusters on the bacterial surface and tore up the outer cell membrane to release cytoplasm. This is the first time that the exact process of the internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles has been observed. We speculate that the intracellular vacuole formation and direct physical or mechanical damage caused by the iron oxide nanoparticles caused the bactericidal effect, along with the effects of ROS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6017908 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60179082018-11-13 The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli Li, Yunqiao Yang, Dong Wang, Shang Li, Chenyu Xue, Bin Yang, Lin Shen, Zhiqiang Jin, Min Wang, Jingfeng Qiu, Zhigang Molecules Article While nanoparticles exert bactericidal effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the processes of the internalization of and the direct physical damage caused by iron oxide nanoparticles are not completely clear. We hypothesize that direct physical or mechanical damage of the cell membrane and cytoplasmic integrity by nanoparticles is another major cause of bacterial death besides ROS. The aim of this study is to investigate the process of the internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles, and to evaluate the effect of direct physical or mechanical damage on bacterial cell growth and death. The results demonstrate that iron oxide nanoparticles not only inhibited E. coli cell growth, but also caused bacterial cell death. Iron oxide nanoparticles produced significantly elevated ROS levels in bacteria. Transmission electronic microscopy demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles were internalized into and condensed the cytoplasm. Strikingly, we observed that the internalized nanoparticles caused intracellular vacuole formation, instead of simply adsorbing thereon; and formed clusters on the bacterial surface and tore up the outer cell membrane to release cytoplasm. This is the first time that the exact process of the internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles has been observed. We speculate that the intracellular vacuole formation and direct physical or mechanical damage caused by the iron oxide nanoparticles caused the bactericidal effect, along with the effects of ROS. MDPI 2018-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6017908/ /pubmed/29518002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030606 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Yunqiao Yang, Dong Wang, Shang Li, Chenyu Xue, Bin Yang, Lin Shen, Zhiqiang Jin, Min Wang, Jingfeng Qiu, Zhigang The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title | The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title_full | The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title_fullStr | The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title_full_unstemmed | The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title_short | The Detailed Bactericidal Process of Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles on E. coli |
title_sort | detailed bactericidal process of ferric oxide nanoparticles on e. coli |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6017908/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030606 |
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