Non-invasive spinal vibration testing using ultrafast ultrasound imaging: A new way to measure spine function

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging is used to capture driven spinal vibrations as a new method for non-invasive spinal testing in living subjects. Previously, it has been shown that accelerometer-based vibration testing in cadaveric models can reveal the presence, location and magnitude of spinal pathology. However, this process remains an invasive procedure as current non-invasive sensors are inadequate. In this paper, the ability of non-invasive ultrafast ultrasound to quantify in vivo vertebral vibration response across a broad range of frequencies (10–100Hz) in anesthetized pig models is investigated. Close agreement with invasive accelerometer measurements is achieved using the non-invasive ultrasound method, opening up unique opportunities to investigate spinal pathologies.