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Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses

Interferons (IFNs) can inhibit most, if not all, viral infections by eliciting the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cats and a surrogate for Norwalk virus. Interferon efficiently inhibits the replication of F...

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Autores principales: Liu, Yongxiang, Liu, Xiaoxiao, Kang, Hongtao, Hu, Xiaoliang, Liu, Jiasen, Tian, Jin, Qu, Liandong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6020669/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2739830
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author Liu, Yongxiang
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Kang, Hongtao
Hu, Xiaoliang
Liu, Jiasen
Tian, Jin
Qu, Liandong
author_facet Liu, Yongxiang
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Kang, Hongtao
Hu, Xiaoliang
Liu, Jiasen
Tian, Jin
Qu, Liandong
author_sort Liu, Yongxiang
collection PubMed
description Interferons (IFNs) can inhibit most, if not all, viral infections by eliciting the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cats and a surrogate for Norwalk virus. Interferon efficiently inhibits the replication of FCV, but the mechanism of the antiviral activity is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the anti-FCV activity of ten ISGs, whose antiviral activities were previously reported. The results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) can significantly inhibit the replication of FCV, whereas the other ISGs tested in this study failed. Further, we found that IRF1 was localized in the nucleus and efficiently activated IFN-β and the ISRE promoter. IRF1 can trigger the production of endogenous interferon and the expression of ISGs, suggesting that IRF1 can positively regulate IFN signalling. Importantly, the mRNA and protein levels of IRF1 were reduced upon FCV infection, which may be a new strategy for FCV to evade the innate immune system. Finally, the antiviral activity of IRF1 against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, and feline infectious peritonitis virus was demonstrated. These data indicate that feline IRF1 plays an important role in regulating the host type I IFN response and inhibiting feline viral infections.
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spelling pubmed-60206692018-07-15 Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses Liu, Yongxiang Liu, Xiaoxiao Kang, Hongtao Hu, Xiaoliang Liu, Jiasen Tian, Jin Qu, Liandong Biomed Res Int Research Article Interferons (IFNs) can inhibit most, if not all, viral infections by eliciting the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cats and a surrogate for Norwalk virus. Interferon efficiently inhibits the replication of FCV, but the mechanism of the antiviral activity is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the anti-FCV activity of ten ISGs, whose antiviral activities were previously reported. The results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) can significantly inhibit the replication of FCV, whereas the other ISGs tested in this study failed. Further, we found that IRF1 was localized in the nucleus and efficiently activated IFN-β and the ISRE promoter. IRF1 can trigger the production of endogenous interferon and the expression of ISGs, suggesting that IRF1 can positively regulate IFN signalling. Importantly, the mRNA and protein levels of IRF1 were reduced upon FCV infection, which may be a new strategy for FCV to evade the innate immune system. Finally, the antiviral activity of IRF1 against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, and feline infectious peritonitis virus was demonstrated. These data indicate that feline IRF1 plays an important role in regulating the host type I IFN response and inhibiting feline viral infections. Hindawi 2018-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6020669/ /pubmed/30009167 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2739830 Text en Copyright © 2018 Yongxiang Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Liu, Yongxiang
Liu, Xiaoxiao
Kang, Hongtao
Hu, Xiaoliang
Liu, Jiasen
Tian, Jin
Qu, Liandong
Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title_full Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title_fullStr Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title_short Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses
title_sort identification of feline interferon regulatory factor 1 as an efficient antiviral factor against the replication of feline calicivirus and other feline viruses
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6020669/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2739830
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