Cargando…
A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats
Simulation has become a standard training method in emergency medicine (EM). Specifically, post-simulation debriefings offer participants the opportunity for reflection while exposing their knowledge and practice gaps. The educational yield of these debriefings, however, is contingent on the debrief...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6021188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29963337 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2543 |
_version_ | 1783335426477522944 |
---|---|
author | Zhang, Xiao Chi Lee, Hyunjoo Rodriguez, Carlos Rudner, Joshua Papanagnou, Dimitrios |
author_facet | Zhang, Xiao Chi Lee, Hyunjoo Rodriguez, Carlos Rudner, Joshua Papanagnou, Dimitrios |
author_sort | Zhang, Xiao Chi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Simulation has become a standard training method in emergency medicine (EM). Specifically, post-simulation debriefings offer participants the opportunity for reflection while exposing their knowledge and practice gaps. The educational yield of these debriefings, however, is contingent on the debriefer's skills. Without professional development, faculty and educators may not be equipped with supportive debriefing strategies. We propose the Six Thinking Hats (6TH), originally developed by Edward de Bono (1970) as a debriefing framework to support effective, high-yield debriefing conversations. The six colored hats represent six unique approaches to critical thinking. The white hat represents the facts; the green hat, creativity and next steps; the yellow hat, benefits/optimism; the red hat, emotions; the black hat, judgments; and the blue hat, facilitation. Four junior faculty members underwent a one-hour didactic and one-hour immersive workshop on the 6TH. Two simulation cases were randomly selected from archived simulation cases, which were used for the debriefing process. Each team consisted of one EM resident and one EM faculty. After each simulated case, the facilitator introduced the 6TH at the start of the debriefing, explaining the rules of engagement and the general sequence of hats to be used. Physical hats were worn by the facilitator at the beginning of the session and changed throughout stages of the debriefing, to remind participants of the type of thinking that was taking place at any given time. Participants who were provided with a colored hat prompt that physically described the type of thinking being employed throughout stages of the debriefing were better able to stay within that respective thinking frame during the discussion, compared to participants who were not provided this visual prompt. Participants of both simulation sessions agreed that the 6TH debriefing style was successful in creating a non-judgmental, comfortable environment that supported open discussion. The 6TH has the potential to be adopted as a debriefing framework, particularly for junior faculty members without extensive debriefing training. The 6TH is intuitive and has been marked by success in the organizational psychology literature. Faculty development on the 6TH will be essential if this framework is to be used as a debriefing model for educators in health care. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6021188 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60211882018-06-29 A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats Zhang, Xiao Chi Lee, Hyunjoo Rodriguez, Carlos Rudner, Joshua Papanagnou, Dimitrios Cureus Emergency Medicine Simulation has become a standard training method in emergency medicine (EM). Specifically, post-simulation debriefings offer participants the opportunity for reflection while exposing their knowledge and practice gaps. The educational yield of these debriefings, however, is contingent on the debriefer's skills. Without professional development, faculty and educators may not be equipped with supportive debriefing strategies. We propose the Six Thinking Hats (6TH), originally developed by Edward de Bono (1970) as a debriefing framework to support effective, high-yield debriefing conversations. The six colored hats represent six unique approaches to critical thinking. The white hat represents the facts; the green hat, creativity and next steps; the yellow hat, benefits/optimism; the red hat, emotions; the black hat, judgments; and the blue hat, facilitation. Four junior faculty members underwent a one-hour didactic and one-hour immersive workshop on the 6TH. Two simulation cases were randomly selected from archived simulation cases, which were used for the debriefing process. Each team consisted of one EM resident and one EM faculty. After each simulated case, the facilitator introduced the 6TH at the start of the debriefing, explaining the rules of engagement and the general sequence of hats to be used. Physical hats were worn by the facilitator at the beginning of the session and changed throughout stages of the debriefing, to remind participants of the type of thinking that was taking place at any given time. Participants who were provided with a colored hat prompt that physically described the type of thinking being employed throughout stages of the debriefing were better able to stay within that respective thinking frame during the discussion, compared to participants who were not provided this visual prompt. Participants of both simulation sessions agreed that the 6TH debriefing style was successful in creating a non-judgmental, comfortable environment that supported open discussion. The 6TH has the potential to be adopted as a debriefing framework, particularly for junior faculty members without extensive debriefing training. The 6TH is intuitive and has been marked by success in the organizational psychology literature. Faculty development on the 6TH will be essential if this framework is to be used as a debriefing model for educators in health care. Cureus 2018-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6021188/ /pubmed/29963337 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2543 Text en Copyright © 2018, Zhang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Emergency Medicine Zhang, Xiao Chi Lee, Hyunjoo Rodriguez, Carlos Rudner, Joshua Papanagnou, Dimitrios A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title | A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title_full | A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title_fullStr | A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title_short | A Novel Approach to Debriefing Medical Simulations: The Six Thinking Hats |
title_sort | novel approach to debriefing medical simulations: the six thinking hats |
topic | Emergency Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6021188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29963337 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2543 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhangxiaochi anovelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT leehyunjoo anovelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT rodriguezcarlos anovelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT rudnerjoshua anovelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT papanagnoudimitrios anovelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT zhangxiaochi novelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT leehyunjoo novelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT rodriguezcarlos novelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT rudnerjoshua novelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats AT papanagnoudimitrios novelapproachtodebriefingmedicalsimulationsthesixthinkinghats |