An Unambiguous Delay-And-Multiply Acquisition Scheme for GPS L1C Signals

The GPS provides positioning information almost anytime and anywhere on Earth, regardless of the weather conditions, and has become an essential technology for positioning and navigation. As a modernization program, the fourth civil GPS signal, denoted as L1C, will be transmitted from Block III satellites. One distinction of the L1C signal from the former signals is the use of binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation, which is necessary for compatibility and the reduction of interference between the legacy L1 signal and L1C signal, despite their use of the same carrier frequency. One drawback of using BOC modulation is the ambiguity problem, which comes from the multiple peaks in the correlation function and causes difficulties finding the code phase in the acquisition process. In this paper we suggest two delay-and-multiply (DM) methods for the L1C signal to solve the ambiguity problem. For the DM acquisition schemes we suggest the optimal delay time for the delay signal, and prove that the correlation function of the received DM signal and the generated DM signal has a triangular shape, as seen in the legacy GPS L1 signal. The noise characteristics of the decision variable are obtained and the performance of the DM acquisition scheme is given in terms of the probability of detection, and compared with that of the conventional method. We provide the procedure to find the Doppler frequency after obtaining the code phase through the proposed DM method.