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The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack

Seed persistence in the soil is threatened by microorganisms, but the seed coat helps protect the seed from them. Although modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars have a whitish caryopsis, some varieties have a red caryopsis coat, a trait typical of wild Oryza species. The red colour is due to the o...

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Autores principales: Gianinetti, Alberto, Finocchiaro, Franca, Maisenti, Fabio, Kouongni Satsap, Dailly, Morcia, Caterina, Ghizzoni, Roberta, Terzi, Valeria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29903992
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4020071
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author Gianinetti, Alberto
Finocchiaro, Franca
Maisenti, Fabio
Kouongni Satsap, Dailly
Morcia, Caterina
Ghizzoni, Roberta
Terzi, Valeria
author_facet Gianinetti, Alberto
Finocchiaro, Franca
Maisenti, Fabio
Kouongni Satsap, Dailly
Morcia, Caterina
Ghizzoni, Roberta
Terzi, Valeria
author_sort Gianinetti, Alberto
collection PubMed
description Seed persistence in the soil is threatened by microorganisms, but the seed coat helps protect the seed from them. Although modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars have a whitish caryopsis, some varieties have a red caryopsis coat, a trait typical of wild Oryza species. The red colour is due to the oxidation of proanthocyanidins, a class of flavonoids that is found in the outer layers of the seed in many species. We aimed to assess whether these natural compounds (proanthocyanidins and proanthocyanidin-derived pigment) have some protective effect against microbial attacks. Dehulled caryopses of white-grained and red-grained rice genotypes were employed to assay fungal infection. Specifically, three white-grained rice cultivars (Perla, Augusto, and Koral) and three red-grained rice varieties (Perla Rosso, Augusto Rosso, and Koral Rosso) were used. In a first test, the caryopses were infected with Epicoccum nigrum at 10 °C, and seedling growth was then assessed at 30 °C. In a second test, the degree of infection by the mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides was assayed by measuring the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins in the caryopses. Infection was performed at 10 °C to prevent rice germination while allowing fungal growth. In both the tests, red caryopses showed reduced, or delayed, infection with respect to white ones. One black-grained cultivar (Venere) was assayed for the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins as well, with results corresponding to those of the red-grained rice varieties. We argue that the red pigment accumulating in the caryopsis coat, and/or the proanthocyanidins associated with it, provides a protective barrier against challenging microorganisms.
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spelling pubmed-60233262018-07-05 The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack Gianinetti, Alberto Finocchiaro, Franca Maisenti, Fabio Kouongni Satsap, Dailly Morcia, Caterina Ghizzoni, Roberta Terzi, Valeria J Fungi (Basel) Article Seed persistence in the soil is threatened by microorganisms, but the seed coat helps protect the seed from them. Although modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars have a whitish caryopsis, some varieties have a red caryopsis coat, a trait typical of wild Oryza species. The red colour is due to the oxidation of proanthocyanidins, a class of flavonoids that is found in the outer layers of the seed in many species. We aimed to assess whether these natural compounds (proanthocyanidins and proanthocyanidin-derived pigment) have some protective effect against microbial attacks. Dehulled caryopses of white-grained and red-grained rice genotypes were employed to assay fungal infection. Specifically, three white-grained rice cultivars (Perla, Augusto, and Koral) and three red-grained rice varieties (Perla Rosso, Augusto Rosso, and Koral Rosso) were used. In a first test, the caryopses were infected with Epicoccum nigrum at 10 °C, and seedling growth was then assessed at 30 °C. In a second test, the degree of infection by the mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides was assayed by measuring the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins in the caryopses. Infection was performed at 10 °C to prevent rice germination while allowing fungal growth. In both the tests, red caryopses showed reduced, or delayed, infection with respect to white ones. One black-grained cultivar (Venere) was assayed for the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins as well, with results corresponding to those of the red-grained rice varieties. We argue that the red pigment accumulating in the caryopsis coat, and/or the proanthocyanidins associated with it, provides a protective barrier against challenging microorganisms. MDPI 2018-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6023326/ /pubmed/29903992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4020071 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gianinetti, Alberto
Finocchiaro, Franca
Maisenti, Fabio
Kouongni Satsap, Dailly
Morcia, Caterina
Ghizzoni, Roberta
Terzi, Valeria
The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title_full The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title_fullStr The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title_full_unstemmed The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title_short The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
title_sort caryopsis of red-grained rice has enhanced resistance to fungal attack
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29903992
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4020071
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