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Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases

The human body supports the growth of a wide array of microbial communities in various niches such as the oral cavity, gastro-intestinal and urogenital tracts, and on the surface of the skin. These host associated microbial communities include yet-un-cultivable bacteria and are influenced by various...

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Autores principales: Sudhakara, Preethi, Gupta, Abishek, Bhardwaj, Anshumouli, Wilson, Aruni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023521/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6020010
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author Sudhakara, Preethi
Gupta, Abishek
Bhardwaj, Anshumouli
Wilson, Aruni
author_facet Sudhakara, Preethi
Gupta, Abishek
Bhardwaj, Anshumouli
Wilson, Aruni
author_sort Sudhakara, Preethi
collection PubMed
description The human body supports the growth of a wide array of microbial communities in various niches such as the oral cavity, gastro-intestinal and urogenital tracts, and on the surface of the skin. These host associated microbial communities include yet-un-cultivable bacteria and are influenced by various factors. Together, these communities of bacteria are referred to as the human microbiome. Human oral microbiome consists of both symbionts and pathobionts. Deviation from symbiosis among the bacterial community leads to “dysbiosis”, a state of community disturbance. Dysbiosis occurs due to many confounding factors that predispose a shift in the composition and relative abundance of microbial communities. Dysbiotic communities have been a major cause for many microbiome related systemic infections. Such dysbiosis is directed by certain important pathogens called the “keystone pathogens”, which can modulate community microbiome variations. One such persistent infection is oral infection, mainly periodontitis, where a wide array of causal organisms have been implied to systemic infections such as cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The keystone pathogens co-occur with many yet-cultivable bacteria and their interactions lead to dysbiosis. This has been the focus of recent research. While immune evasion is one of the major modes that leads to dysbiosis, new processes and new virulence factors of bacteria have been shown to be involved in this important process that determines a disease or health state. This review focuses on such dysbiotic communities, their interactions, and their virulence factors that predispose the host to other systemic implications.
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spelling pubmed-60235212018-07-03 Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases Sudhakara, Preethi Gupta, Abishek Bhardwaj, Anshumouli Wilson, Aruni Dent J (Basel) Review The human body supports the growth of a wide array of microbial communities in various niches such as the oral cavity, gastro-intestinal and urogenital tracts, and on the surface of the skin. These host associated microbial communities include yet-un-cultivable bacteria and are influenced by various factors. Together, these communities of bacteria are referred to as the human microbiome. Human oral microbiome consists of both symbionts and pathobionts. Deviation from symbiosis among the bacterial community leads to “dysbiosis”, a state of community disturbance. Dysbiosis occurs due to many confounding factors that predispose a shift in the composition and relative abundance of microbial communities. Dysbiotic communities have been a major cause for many microbiome related systemic infections. Such dysbiosis is directed by certain important pathogens called the “keystone pathogens”, which can modulate community microbiome variations. One such persistent infection is oral infection, mainly periodontitis, where a wide array of causal organisms have been implied to systemic infections such as cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The keystone pathogens co-occur with many yet-cultivable bacteria and their interactions lead to dysbiosis. This has been the focus of recent research. While immune evasion is one of the major modes that leads to dysbiosis, new processes and new virulence factors of bacteria have been shown to be involved in this important process that determines a disease or health state. This review focuses on such dysbiotic communities, their interactions, and their virulence factors that predispose the host to other systemic implications. MDPI 2018-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6023521/ /pubmed/29659479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6020010 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sudhakara, Preethi
Gupta, Abishek
Bhardwaj, Anshumouli
Wilson, Aruni
Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title_full Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title_fullStr Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title_short Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
title_sort oral dysbiotic communities and their implications in systemic diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023521/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659479
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6020010
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