Management of testicular Leydig cell tumor: A case report

RATIONALE: Testicular Leydig cell tumor (LCT) is a rare neoplasm. It commonly presents as a painless testicular mass with or without endocrine changes. Histological and immunohistochemical examination play important roles in differentiating LCT from testicular germ cell tumors. PATIENT CONCERNS: We highlight the imaging phenotype, as well as the pathological findings of a case of LCT in a 62-year-old male. DIAGNOSES: Preoperative noncontrast CT scan of the abdomen revealed a 7.0 × 6.4 × 5.3 cm oval mass with heterogeneous density, located in the right testis. Pelvic noncontrast MRI showed a heterogeneous mass on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. The solid part of the tumor exhibited high signal on the diffusion-weighted imaging, and an obvious enhancement on the contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Ultrasonography examination demonstrated a large mixed echogenic space occupying lesion involving the whole right testis with multiple cystic areas and increased vascularity. This patient underwent radical orchiectomy. The pathologic diagnosis was LCT. INTERVENTIONS: This patient underwent operative resection of the tumor. Due to the negative resection margins and absence of distant metastases, the patient did not receive additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy. OUTCOMES: Four months after the surgery, the follow-up CT-scan did not reveal any local recurrence and distant metastases. LESSONS: This case improves our ability to detect and diagnose LCT by summarizing its imaging characteristics as well as reviewing the literature. Additionally, we described the state-of-the-art management of the management of this rare tumor.