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Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease
Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29988368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00216 |
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author | Watts, Michelle E. Pocock, Roger Claudianos, Charles |
author_facet | Watts, Michelle E. Pocock, Roger Claudianos, Charles |
author_sort | Watts, Michelle E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxia, are associated with cellular stress. In the brain however, where drastic metabolic shifts occur to support physiological processes, subsequent changes to cellular oxidative state and induction of transcriptional sensors of oxidative stress likely play a significant role in regulating physiological neuronal function. Understanding the role of metabolism and metabolically-regulated genes in neuronal function will be critical in elucidating how cognitive functions are disrupted in pathological conditions where neuronal metabolism is affected. Here, we discuss known mechanisms regulating neuronal metabolism as well as the role of hypoxia and oxidative stress during normal and disrupted neuronal function. We also summarize recent studies implicating a role for metabolism in regulating neuronal plasticity as an emerging neuroscience paradigm. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6023993 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60239932018-07-09 Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease Watts, Michelle E. Pocock, Roger Claudianos, Charles Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important in directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism and the resultant changes in cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxia, are associated with cellular stress. In the brain however, where drastic metabolic shifts occur to support physiological processes, subsequent changes to cellular oxidative state and induction of transcriptional sensors of oxidative stress likely play a significant role in regulating physiological neuronal function. Understanding the role of metabolism and metabolically-regulated genes in neuronal function will be critical in elucidating how cognitive functions are disrupted in pathological conditions where neuronal metabolism is affected. Here, we discuss known mechanisms regulating neuronal metabolism as well as the role of hypoxia and oxidative stress during normal and disrupted neuronal function. We also summarize recent studies implicating a role for metabolism in regulating neuronal plasticity as an emerging neuroscience paradigm. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6023993/ /pubmed/29988368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00216 Text en Copyright © 2018 Watts, Pocock and Claudianos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Watts, Michelle E. Pocock, Roger Claudianos, Charles Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title | Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title_full | Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title_fullStr | Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title_short | Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease |
title_sort | brain energy and oxygen metabolism: emerging role in normal function and disease |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29988368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00216 |
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