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Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii

Resource allocation plasticity enables individuals to alter patterns of nutrient use between reproductive and vegetative output to better fit their current environment. In sexually labile plant species, abiotic environmental factors can influence expression of dimorphic gender, resulting in environm...

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Autores principales: Goodnoe, Taylor T., Hill, Jeffrey P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29988448
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4159
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author Goodnoe, Taylor T.
Hill, Jeffrey P.
author_facet Goodnoe, Taylor T.
Hill, Jeffrey P.
author_sort Goodnoe, Taylor T.
collection PubMed
description Resource allocation plasticity enables individuals to alter patterns of nutrient use between reproductive and vegetative output to better fit their current environment. In sexually labile plant species, abiotic environmental factors can influence expression of dimorphic gender, resulting in environmental sex determination (ESD), which potentially reduces the need for plasticity of resource allocation by preemptively matching an individual’s future nutrient demands to resource availability in its location. Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes exhibit gender‐dependent differences in relative carbon and nitrogen content, and ESD in certain nutrient environments. This study examined whether prior ESD in C. richardii gametophyte populations reduced subsequent plasticity of reproductive allocation compared to instances where no ESD occurred, by quantifying phenotypic responses to reduced P, N, or CO (2) availabilities. All three nutrient‐limited environments resulted in decreased size of egg‐bearing (meristic) gametophytes compared to nonlimited environments, but gametophytes failed to respond to N and CO (2) limitation at the time of sex determination, resulting in no ESD. N limitation resulted in a predictable allometric re‐allocation of resources based on small gametophyte size, whereas CO (2) limitation caused a change in reproductive output consistent with true plasticity. Withholding exogenous P caused ESD and had no effect on relative reproductive output of resultant meristic gametophytes because the size decrease was minor. Under P limitation, ESD matched the resource demands of gender phenotypes to their environment before the onset of developmental dimorphism, reducing the need for large allocation adjustments after sex determination.
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spelling pubmed-60241212018-07-09 Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii Goodnoe, Taylor T. Hill, Jeffrey P. Ecol Evol Original Research Resource allocation plasticity enables individuals to alter patterns of nutrient use between reproductive and vegetative output to better fit their current environment. In sexually labile plant species, abiotic environmental factors can influence expression of dimorphic gender, resulting in environmental sex determination (ESD), which potentially reduces the need for plasticity of resource allocation by preemptively matching an individual’s future nutrient demands to resource availability in its location. Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes exhibit gender‐dependent differences in relative carbon and nitrogen content, and ESD in certain nutrient environments. This study examined whether prior ESD in C. richardii gametophyte populations reduced subsequent plasticity of reproductive allocation compared to instances where no ESD occurred, by quantifying phenotypic responses to reduced P, N, or CO (2) availabilities. All three nutrient‐limited environments resulted in decreased size of egg‐bearing (meristic) gametophytes compared to nonlimited environments, but gametophytes failed to respond to N and CO (2) limitation at the time of sex determination, resulting in no ESD. N limitation resulted in a predictable allometric re‐allocation of resources based on small gametophyte size, whereas CO (2) limitation caused a change in reproductive output consistent with true plasticity. Withholding exogenous P caused ESD and had no effect on relative reproductive output of resultant meristic gametophytes because the size decrease was minor. Under P limitation, ESD matched the resource demands of gender phenotypes to their environment before the onset of developmental dimorphism, reducing the need for large allocation adjustments after sex determination. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6024121/ /pubmed/29988448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4159 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Goodnoe, Taylor T.
Hill, Jeffrey P.
Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title_full Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title_fullStr Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title_full_unstemmed Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title_short Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii
title_sort plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in ceratopteris richardii
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29988448
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4159
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