High-Resolution MR Imaging of Muscular Fat Fraction—Comparison of Three T(2)-Based Methods and Chemical Shift-Encoded Imaging

Chemical shift-encoded imaging (CSEI) is the most common magnetic resonance imaging fat–water separation method. However, when high spatial resolution fat fraction (FF) images are desired, CSEI might be challenging owing to the increased interecho spacing. Here, 3 T(2)-based methods have been assessed as alternative methods for obtaining high-resolution FF images. Images from the calf of 10 healthy volunteers were acquired; FF maps were then estimated using 3 T(2)-based methods (2- and 3-parameter nonlinear least squares fit and a Bayesian probability method) and CSEI for reference. In addition, simulations were conducted to characterize the performance of various methods. Here, all T(2)-based methods resulted in qualitatively improved high-resolution FF images compared with high-resolution CSEI. The 2-parameter fit showed best quantitative agreement to low-resolution CSEI, even at low FF. The estimated T(2)-values of fat and water, and the estimated muscle FF of the calf, agreed well with previously published data. In conclusion, T(2)-based methods can provide improved high-resolution FF images of the calf compared with the CSEI method.