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Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses

Tick-borne flaviviruses have a global distribution and cause significant human disease, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and often result in neurologic sequelae. There are two distinct properties that determine the neuropathogenesis of a virus. The ability to invade the central nervous...

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Autores principales: Kellman, Eliza M., Offerdahl, Danielle K., Melik, Wessam, Bloom, Marshall E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10060329
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author Kellman, Eliza M.
Offerdahl, Danielle K.
Melik, Wessam
Bloom, Marshall E.
author_facet Kellman, Eliza M.
Offerdahl, Danielle K.
Melik, Wessam
Bloom, Marshall E.
author_sort Kellman, Eliza M.
collection PubMed
description Tick-borne flaviviruses have a global distribution and cause significant human disease, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and often result in neurologic sequelae. There are two distinct properties that determine the neuropathogenesis of a virus. The ability to invade the central nervous system (CNS) is referred to as the neuroinvasiveness of the agent, while the ability to infect and damage cells within the CNS is referred to as its neurovirulence. Examination of laboratory variants, cDNA clones, natural isolates with varying pathogenicity, and virally encoded immune evasion strategies have contributed extensively to our understanding of these properties. Here we will review the major viral determinants of virulence that contribute to pathogenesis and influence both neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence properties of tick-borne flaviviruses, focusing particularly on the envelope protein (E), nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR).
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spelling pubmed-60248092018-07-16 Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses Kellman, Eliza M. Offerdahl, Danielle K. Melik, Wessam Bloom, Marshall E. Viruses Review Tick-borne flaviviruses have a global distribution and cause significant human disease, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and often result in neurologic sequelae. There are two distinct properties that determine the neuropathogenesis of a virus. The ability to invade the central nervous system (CNS) is referred to as the neuroinvasiveness of the agent, while the ability to infect and damage cells within the CNS is referred to as its neurovirulence. Examination of laboratory variants, cDNA clones, natural isolates with varying pathogenicity, and virally encoded immune evasion strategies have contributed extensively to our understanding of these properties. Here we will review the major viral determinants of virulence that contribute to pathogenesis and influence both neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence properties of tick-borne flaviviruses, focusing particularly on the envelope protein (E), nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR). MDPI 2018-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6024809/ /pubmed/29914165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10060329 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kellman, Eliza M.
Offerdahl, Danielle K.
Melik, Wessam
Bloom, Marshall E.
Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title_full Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title_fullStr Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title_full_unstemmed Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title_short Viral Determinants of Virulence in Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
title_sort viral determinants of virulence in tick-borne flaviviruses
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10060329
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