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Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C
This study investigated the nitrogen transformation rates of different nitrogen-loading (20, 30, and 50 mg TN/L) biochar packed reactors (C:N:P = 100:5:1) within 125 days at 5 °C. The results showed that high nitrogen loading resulted in an NH(4)(+) (TN) removal efficiency decline from 98% (57%) to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026168/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29959416 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28305-0 |
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author | He, Su Ding, Lili Pan, Yao Hu, Haidong Ye, Lin Ren, Hongqiang |
author_facet | He, Su Ding, Lili Pan, Yao Hu, Haidong Ye, Lin Ren, Hongqiang |
author_sort | He, Su |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigated the nitrogen transformation rates of different nitrogen-loading (20, 30, and 50 mg TN/L) biochar packed reactors (C:N:P = 100:5:1) within 125 days at 5 °C. The results showed that high nitrogen loading resulted in an NH(4)(+) (TN) removal efficiency decline from 98% (57%) to 83% (29%), with biochar yielding a higher NH(4)(+), TN and DON removal rate than conventional activated sludge. Moreover, all biochar packed reactors realized a quick start-up by dropping in temperature stage by stage, and the effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations of R(20), R(30), and R(50) were 0.44 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.35, and 0.66 ± 0.26 mg/L, respectively. The nirS/amoA, nxrA/amoA, and amoA/(narG + napA) were deemed to be the markers of ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR), specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR), and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR), respectively. Compared with functional gene quantity data, transcription data (mRNA) introduced into stepwise regression analyses agreed well with nitrogen transformation rates. High nitrogen loading also resulted in the cell viability decreased in R(50). Nitrogen loadings and operation time both led to a significant variation in cell membrane composition, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) significantly increased in R(30) (46.49%) and R(50) (36.34%). High-throughput sequencing revealed that nitrogen loadings increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) and reduced the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nakamurella, Thermomonas, and Zoogloea) through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6026168 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60261682018-07-09 Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C He, Su Ding, Lili Pan, Yao Hu, Haidong Ye, Lin Ren, Hongqiang Sci Rep Article This study investigated the nitrogen transformation rates of different nitrogen-loading (20, 30, and 50 mg TN/L) biochar packed reactors (C:N:P = 100:5:1) within 125 days at 5 °C. The results showed that high nitrogen loading resulted in an NH(4)(+) (TN) removal efficiency decline from 98% (57%) to 83% (29%), with biochar yielding a higher NH(4)(+), TN and DON removal rate than conventional activated sludge. Moreover, all biochar packed reactors realized a quick start-up by dropping in temperature stage by stage, and the effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations of R(20), R(30), and R(50) were 0.44 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.35, and 0.66 ± 0.26 mg/L, respectively. The nirS/amoA, nxrA/amoA, and amoA/(narG + napA) were deemed to be the markers of ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR), specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR), and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR), respectively. Compared with functional gene quantity data, transcription data (mRNA) introduced into stepwise regression analyses agreed well with nitrogen transformation rates. High nitrogen loading also resulted in the cell viability decreased in R(50). Nitrogen loadings and operation time both led to a significant variation in cell membrane composition, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) significantly increased in R(30) (46.49%) and R(50) (36.34%). High-throughput sequencing revealed that nitrogen loadings increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) and reduced the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nakamurella, Thermomonas, and Zoogloea) through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6026168/ /pubmed/29959416 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28305-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article He, Su Ding, Lili Pan, Yao Hu, Haidong Ye, Lin Ren, Hongqiang Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title | Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title_full | Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title_fullStr | Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title_short | Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C |
title_sort | nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °c |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026168/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29959416 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28305-0 |
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