A broadband tunable terahertz negative refractive index metamaterial

A strategy to greatly broaden negative refractive index (NRI) band, reduce loss and ease bi-anisotropy of NRI metamaterials (MMs) has been proposed at terahertz frequencies. Due to the symmetric structure of the MM, the transmission and refractive index are independent to polarizations of incident radiations, and a broadband NRI is obtainable for the range of the incident angle from 0° to 26°. In addition, THz MMs’ properties such as transmission, phase and negative refraction exhibit a real-time response by controlling the temperature. The results indicate that the maximum bands of the negative and double-negative refraction are 1.66 THz and 1.37 THz for the temperature of 40 °C and 63 °C, respectively. The figure of merit of the MMs exceeds 10 (that is, low loss) as the frequency increases from 2.44 THz to 2.56 THz in the working temperature range, and the maximum figure of merit is 83.77 at 2.01 THz where the refractive index is −2.81 for a given temperature of 40 °C. Furthermore, the negative refraction of the MMs at the low loss band is verified by the classical method of the wedge, and the symmetric slab waveguide based on the proposed MM has many unique properties.