Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. EVs are thought to be produced by ne...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ramirez, Servio H., Andrews, Allison M., Paul, Debayon, Pachter, Joel S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29960602
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-018-0104-7
_version_ 1783336453309202432
author Ramirez, Servio H.
Andrews, Allison M.
Paul, Debayon
Pachter, Joel S.
author_facet Ramirez, Servio H.
Andrews, Allison M.
Paul, Debayon
Pachter, Joel S.
author_sort Ramirez, Servio H.
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. EVs are thought to be produced by nearly every cell type, however this review will focus specifically on EVs that originate from cells at the interface of CNS barriers. Highlighted topics include, EV biogenesis, the production of EVs in response to neuroinflammation, role in intercellular communication and their utility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, novel concepts regarding the use of EVs as biomarkers for BBB status and as facilitators for immune neuroinvasion are also discussed. Future directions and prospective are covered along with important unanswered questions in the field of CNS endothelial EV biology.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6026502
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-60265022018-07-09 Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers Ramirez, Servio H. Andrews, Allison M. Paul, Debayon Pachter, Joel S. Fluids Barriers CNS Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. EVs are thought to be produced by nearly every cell type, however this review will focus specifically on EVs that originate from cells at the interface of CNS barriers. Highlighted topics include, EV biogenesis, the production of EVs in response to neuroinflammation, role in intercellular communication and their utility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, novel concepts regarding the use of EVs as biomarkers for BBB status and as facilitators for immune neuroinvasion are also discussed. Future directions and prospective are covered along with important unanswered questions in the field of CNS endothelial EV biology. BioMed Central 2018-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6026502/ /pubmed/29960602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-018-0104-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Ramirez, Servio H.
Andrews, Allison M.
Paul, Debayon
Pachter, Joel S.
Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title_full Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title_short Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers
title_sort extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along cns barriers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29960602
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-018-0104-7
work_keys_str_mv AT ramirezservioh extracellularvesiclesmediatorsandbiomarkersofpathologyalongcnsbarriers
AT andrewsallisonm extracellularvesiclesmediatorsandbiomarkersofpathologyalongcnsbarriers
AT pauldebayon extracellularvesiclesmediatorsandbiomarkersofpathologyalongcnsbarriers
AT pachterjoels extracellularvesiclesmediatorsandbiomarkersofpathologyalongcnsbarriers

Ejemplares similares