Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis
The cytoskeleton is the basic machinery that drives many morphogenetic events. Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a spheroid into a long, thin larva initially results from actomyosin contractility, mainly in the lateral epidermal seam cells, while the corresponding dorsal and ventral epidermal...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Genetics Society of America
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6027879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29720391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.118.200274 |
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author | Refai, Osama Smit, Ryan B. Votra, SarahBeth Pruyne, David Mains, Paul E. |
author_facet | Refai, Osama Smit, Ryan B. Votra, SarahBeth Pruyne, David Mains, Paul E. |
author_sort | Refai, Osama |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cytoskeleton is the basic machinery that drives many morphogenetic events. Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a spheroid into a long, thin larva initially results from actomyosin contractility, mainly in the lateral epidermal seam cells, while the corresponding dorsal and ventral epidermal cells play a more passive role. This is followed by a later elongation phase involving muscle contraction. Early elongation is mediated by parallel genetic pathways involving LET-502/Rho kinase and MEL-11/MYPT myosin phosphatase in one pathway and FEM-2/PP2c phosphatase and PAK-1/p21 activated kinase in another. While the LET-502/MEL-11 pathway appears to act primarily in the lateral epidermis, here we show that FEM-2 can mediate early elongation when expressed in the dorsal and ventral epidermis. We also investigated the early elongation function of FHOD-1, a member of the formin family of actin nucleators and bundlers. Previous work showed that FHOD-1 acts in the LET-502/MEL-11 branch of the early elongation pathway as well as in muscle for sarcomere organization. Consistent with this, we found that lateral epidermal cell-specific expression of FHOD-1 is sufficient for elongation, and FHOD-1 effects on elongation appear to be independent of its role in muscle. Also, we found that fhod-1 encodes long and short isoforms that differ in the presence of a predicted coiled-coil domain. Based on tissue-specific expression constructions and an isoform-specific CRISPR allele, the two FHOD-1 isoforms show partially specialized epidermal or muscle function. Although fhod-1 shows only impenetrant elongation phenotypes, we were unable to detect redundancy with other C. elegans formin genes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6027879 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Genetics Society of America |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60278792018-07-03 Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis Refai, Osama Smit, Ryan B. Votra, SarahBeth Pruyne, David Mains, Paul E. G3 (Bethesda) Investigations The cytoskeleton is the basic machinery that drives many morphogenetic events. Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a spheroid into a long, thin larva initially results from actomyosin contractility, mainly in the lateral epidermal seam cells, while the corresponding dorsal and ventral epidermal cells play a more passive role. This is followed by a later elongation phase involving muscle contraction. Early elongation is mediated by parallel genetic pathways involving LET-502/Rho kinase and MEL-11/MYPT myosin phosphatase in one pathway and FEM-2/PP2c phosphatase and PAK-1/p21 activated kinase in another. While the LET-502/MEL-11 pathway appears to act primarily in the lateral epidermis, here we show that FEM-2 can mediate early elongation when expressed in the dorsal and ventral epidermis. We also investigated the early elongation function of FHOD-1, a member of the formin family of actin nucleators and bundlers. Previous work showed that FHOD-1 acts in the LET-502/MEL-11 branch of the early elongation pathway as well as in muscle for sarcomere organization. Consistent with this, we found that lateral epidermal cell-specific expression of FHOD-1 is sufficient for elongation, and FHOD-1 effects on elongation appear to be independent of its role in muscle. Also, we found that fhod-1 encodes long and short isoforms that differ in the presence of a predicted coiled-coil domain. Based on tissue-specific expression constructions and an isoform-specific CRISPR allele, the two FHOD-1 isoforms show partially specialized epidermal or muscle function. Although fhod-1 shows only impenetrant elongation phenotypes, we were unable to detect redundancy with other C. elegans formin genes. Genetics Society of America 2018-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6027879/ /pubmed/29720391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.118.200274 Text en Copyright © 2018 Refai et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Investigations Refai, Osama Smit, Ryan B. Votra, SarahBeth Pruyne, David Mains, Paul E. Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title | Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title_full | Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title_fullStr | Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title_short | Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis |
title_sort | tissue-specific functions of fem-2/pp2c phosphatase and fhod-1/formin during caenorhabditis elegans embryonic morphogenesis |
topic | Investigations |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6027879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29720391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.118.200274 |
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