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Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)

Screening of 1,000-years old ice layers from the perennial ice block of Scărișoara Ice Cave (NW Romania) revealed the presence of fungal communities. Using culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques based on DGGE fingerprinting of 18S rRNA gene fragments and sequencing, we identified 50 cult...

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Autores principales: Brad, Traian, Itcus, Corina, Pascu, Madalina-Denisa, Perșoiu, Aurel, Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra, Iancu, Lavinia, Purcarea, Cristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6031636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29973683
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28401-1
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author Brad, Traian
Itcus, Corina
Pascu, Madalina-Denisa
Perșoiu, Aurel
Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra
Iancu, Lavinia
Purcarea, Cristina
author_facet Brad, Traian
Itcus, Corina
Pascu, Madalina-Denisa
Perșoiu, Aurel
Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra
Iancu, Lavinia
Purcarea, Cristina
author_sort Brad, Traian
collection PubMed
description Screening of 1,000-years old ice layers from the perennial ice block of Scărișoara Ice Cave (NW Romania) revealed the presence of fungal communities. Using culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques based on DGGE fingerprinting of 18S rRNA gene fragments and sequencing, we identified 50 cultured and 14 uncultured fungi in presently-forming, 400 and 900 years old ice layers, corresponding to 28 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant ice-contained fungal OTUs were related to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota phyla. Representatives of Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota were also isolated from recent and 400 years old ice samples. The cryophilic Mrakia stokesii was the most abundant fungal species found in the cave ice samples of all prospected ages, alongside other cryophilic fungi also identified in various glacial environments. Ice deposits formed during the Little Ice Age (dated between AD 1,250 and 1,850) appeared to have a higher fungal diversity than the ice layer formed during the Medieval Warm Period (prior to AD 1,250). A more complex fungal community adapted to low temperatures was obtained from all analyzed ice layers when cultivated at 4 °C as compared to 15 °C, suggesting the dominance of cold-adapted fungi in this glacial habitat. The fungal distribution in the analyzed cave ice layers revealed the presence of unique OTUs in different aged-formed ice deposits, as a first hint for putative further identification of fungal biomarkers for climate variations in this icy habitat. This is the first report on fungi from a rock-hosted cave ice block.
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spelling pubmed-60316362018-07-12 Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania) Brad, Traian Itcus, Corina Pascu, Madalina-Denisa Perșoiu, Aurel Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra Iancu, Lavinia Purcarea, Cristina Sci Rep Article Screening of 1,000-years old ice layers from the perennial ice block of Scărișoara Ice Cave (NW Romania) revealed the presence of fungal communities. Using culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques based on DGGE fingerprinting of 18S rRNA gene fragments and sequencing, we identified 50 cultured and 14 uncultured fungi in presently-forming, 400 and 900 years old ice layers, corresponding to 28 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant ice-contained fungal OTUs were related to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota phyla. Representatives of Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota were also isolated from recent and 400 years old ice samples. The cryophilic Mrakia stokesii was the most abundant fungal species found in the cave ice samples of all prospected ages, alongside other cryophilic fungi also identified in various glacial environments. Ice deposits formed during the Little Ice Age (dated between AD 1,250 and 1,850) appeared to have a higher fungal diversity than the ice layer formed during the Medieval Warm Period (prior to AD 1,250). A more complex fungal community adapted to low temperatures was obtained from all analyzed ice layers when cultivated at 4 °C as compared to 15 °C, suggesting the dominance of cold-adapted fungi in this glacial habitat. The fungal distribution in the analyzed cave ice layers revealed the presence of unique OTUs in different aged-formed ice deposits, as a first hint for putative further identification of fungal biomarkers for climate variations in this icy habitat. This is the first report on fungi from a rock-hosted cave ice block. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6031636/ /pubmed/29973683 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28401-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Brad, Traian
Itcus, Corina
Pascu, Madalina-Denisa
Perșoiu, Aurel
Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra
Iancu, Lavinia
Purcarea, Cristina
Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title_full Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title_fullStr Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title_full_unstemmed Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title_short Fungi in perennial ice from Scărișoara Ice Cave (Romania)
title_sort fungi in perennial ice from scărișoara ice cave (romania)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6031636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29973683
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28401-1
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