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Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune system cells. The EVs carry the cargo of parental cells formed of proteins and nucleic acids, which can convey cell-to-cell communi...

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Autores principales: Chulpanova, Daria S., Kitaeva, Kristina V., James, Victoria, Rizvanov, Albert A., Solovyeva, Valeriya V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6037714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30018618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01534
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author Chulpanova, Daria S.
Kitaeva, Kristina V.
James, Victoria
Rizvanov, Albert A.
Solovyeva, Valeriya V.
author_facet Chulpanova, Daria S.
Kitaeva, Kristina V.
James, Victoria
Rizvanov, Albert A.
Solovyeva, Valeriya V.
author_sort Chulpanova, Daria S.
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune system cells. The EVs carry the cargo of parental cells formed of proteins and nucleic acids, which can convey cell-to-cell communication influencing the maintenance and spread of the malignant neoplasm, for example, promoting angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and immune escape. However, EVs can also suppress tumor progression, either by the direct influence of the protein and nucleic acid cargo of the EVs or via antigen presentation to immune cells as tumor-derived EVs carry on their surface some of the same antigens as the donor cells. Moreover, dendritic cell-derived EVs carry major histocompatibility complex class I and class II/peptide complexes and are able to prime other immune system cell types and activate an antitumor immune response. Given the relative longevity of vesicles within the circulation and their ability to cross blood–brain barriers, modification of these unique organelles offers the potential to create new biological-tools for cancer therapy. This review examines how modification of the EV cargo has the potential to target specific tumor mechanisms responsible for tumor formation and progression to develop new therapeutic strategies and to increase the efficacy of antitumor therapies.
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spelling pubmed-60377142018-07-17 Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment Chulpanova, Daria S. Kitaeva, Kristina V. James, Victoria Rizvanov, Albert A. Solovyeva, Valeriya V. Front Immunol Immunology Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune system cells. The EVs carry the cargo of parental cells formed of proteins and nucleic acids, which can convey cell-to-cell communication influencing the maintenance and spread of the malignant neoplasm, for example, promoting angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and immune escape. However, EVs can also suppress tumor progression, either by the direct influence of the protein and nucleic acid cargo of the EVs or via antigen presentation to immune cells as tumor-derived EVs carry on their surface some of the same antigens as the donor cells. Moreover, dendritic cell-derived EVs carry major histocompatibility complex class I and class II/peptide complexes and are able to prime other immune system cell types and activate an antitumor immune response. Given the relative longevity of vesicles within the circulation and their ability to cross blood–brain barriers, modification of these unique organelles offers the potential to create new biological-tools for cancer therapy. This review examines how modification of the EV cargo has the potential to target specific tumor mechanisms responsible for tumor formation and progression to develop new therapeutic strategies and to increase the efficacy of antitumor therapies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6037714/ /pubmed/30018618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01534 Text en Copyright © 2018 Chulpanova, Kitaeva, James, Rizvanov and Solovyeva. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Chulpanova, Daria S.
Kitaeva, Kristina V.
James, Victoria
Rizvanov, Albert A.
Solovyeva, Valeriya V.
Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title_full Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title_fullStr Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title_short Therapeutic Prospects of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment
title_sort therapeutic prospects of extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6037714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30018618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01534
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