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IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network
Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases that include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progressive degeneration of the retinal neurons results in a severe deterioration of the visual function. Neuroinflam...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30026694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00203 |
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author | Arroba, Ana I. Campos-Caro, Antonio Aguilar-Diosdado, Manuel Valverde, Ángela M. |
author_facet | Arroba, Ana I. Campos-Caro, Antonio Aguilar-Diosdado, Manuel Valverde, Ángela M. |
author_sort | Arroba, Ana I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases that include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progressive degeneration of the retinal neurons results in a severe deterioration of the visual function. Neuroinflammation is an early hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders of the retina including AMD, RP and DR. Microglial cells, key components of the retinal immune defense system, are activated in retinal degenerative diseases. In the microglia the interplay between the proinflammatory/classically activated or antiinflammatory/alternatively activated phenotypes is a complex dynamic process that occurs during the course of disease due to the different environmental signals related to pathophysiological conditions. In this regard, an adequate transition from the proinflammatory to the anti-inflammatory response is necessary to counteract retinal neurodegeneration and its subsequent damage that leads to the loss of visual function. Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been considered as a pleiotropic factor in the retina under health or disease conditions and several effects of IGF-1 in retinal immune modulation have been described. In this review, we provide recent insights of inflammation as a common feature of retinal diseases (AMD, RP and RD) highlighting the role of microglia, exosomes and IGF-1 in this process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6041402 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60414022018-07-19 IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network Arroba, Ana I. Campos-Caro, Antonio Aguilar-Diosdado, Manuel Valverde, Ángela M. Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Retinal degenerative diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases that include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progressive degeneration of the retinal neurons results in a severe deterioration of the visual function. Neuroinflammation is an early hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders of the retina including AMD, RP and DR. Microglial cells, key components of the retinal immune defense system, are activated in retinal degenerative diseases. In the microglia the interplay between the proinflammatory/classically activated or antiinflammatory/alternatively activated phenotypes is a complex dynamic process that occurs during the course of disease due to the different environmental signals related to pathophysiological conditions. In this regard, an adequate transition from the proinflammatory to the anti-inflammatory response is necessary to counteract retinal neurodegeneration and its subsequent damage that leads to the loss of visual function. Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been considered as a pleiotropic factor in the retina under health or disease conditions and several effects of IGF-1 in retinal immune modulation have been described. In this review, we provide recent insights of inflammation as a common feature of retinal diseases (AMD, RP and RD) highlighting the role of microglia, exosomes and IGF-1 in this process. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6041402/ /pubmed/30026694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00203 Text en Copyright © 2018 Arroba, Campos-Caro, Aguilar-Diosdado and Valverde. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Arroba, Ana I. Campos-Caro, Antonio Aguilar-Diosdado, Manuel Valverde, Ángela M. IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title | IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title_full | IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title_fullStr | IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title_full_unstemmed | IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title_short | IGF-1, Inflammation and Retinal Degeneration: A Close Network |
title_sort | igf-1, inflammation and retinal degeneration: a close network |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041402/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30026694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00203 |
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