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Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event

Black Band Disease (BBD) is a widely distributed and destructive coral disease that has been studied on a global scale, but baseline data on coral diseases is missing from many areas of the Arabian Seas. Here we report on the broad distribution and prevalence of BBD in the Red Sea in addition to doc...

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Autores principales: Hadaidi, Ghaida, Ziegler, Maren, Shore-Maggio, Amanda, Jensen, Thor, Aeby, Greta, Voolstra, Christian R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013839
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5169
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author Hadaidi, Ghaida
Ziegler, Maren
Shore-Maggio, Amanda
Jensen, Thor
Aeby, Greta
Voolstra, Christian R.
author_facet Hadaidi, Ghaida
Ziegler, Maren
Shore-Maggio, Amanda
Jensen, Thor
Aeby, Greta
Voolstra, Christian R.
author_sort Hadaidi, Ghaida
collection PubMed
description Black Band Disease (BBD) is a widely distributed and destructive coral disease that has been studied on a global scale, but baseline data on coral diseases is missing from many areas of the Arabian Seas. Here we report on the broad distribution and prevalence of BBD in the Red Sea in addition to documenting a bleaching-associated outbreak of BBD with subsequent microbial community characterization of BBD microbial mats at this reef site in the southern central Red Sea. Coral colonies with BBD were found at roughly a third of our 22 survey sites with an overall prevalence of 0.04%. Nine coral genera were infected including Astreopora, Coelastrea, Dipsastraea, Gardineroseris, Goniopora, Montipora, Pavona, Platygyra, and Psammocora. For a southern central Red Sea outbreak site, overall prevalence was 40 times higher than baseline (1.7%). Differential susceptibility to BBD was apparent among coral genera with Dipsastraea (prevalence 6.1%), having more diseased colonies than was expected based on its abundance within transects. Analysis of the microbial community associated with the BBD mat showed that it is dominated by a consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. We detected the three main indicators for BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)), with high similarity to BBD-associated microbes found worldwide. More specifically, the microbial consortium of BBD-diseased coral colonies in the Red Sea consisted of Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria), Desulfovibrio sp. (SRB), and Arcobacter sp. (SOB). Given the similarity of associated bacteria worldwide, our data suggest that BBD represents a global coral disease with predictable etiology. Furthermore, we provide a baseline assessment of BBD disease prevalence in the Red Sea, a still understudied region.
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spelling pubmed-60461972018-07-16 Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event Hadaidi, Ghaida Ziegler, Maren Shore-Maggio, Amanda Jensen, Thor Aeby, Greta Voolstra, Christian R. PeerJ Biogeography Black Band Disease (BBD) is a widely distributed and destructive coral disease that has been studied on a global scale, but baseline data on coral diseases is missing from many areas of the Arabian Seas. Here we report on the broad distribution and prevalence of BBD in the Red Sea in addition to documenting a bleaching-associated outbreak of BBD with subsequent microbial community characterization of BBD microbial mats at this reef site in the southern central Red Sea. Coral colonies with BBD were found at roughly a third of our 22 survey sites with an overall prevalence of 0.04%. Nine coral genera were infected including Astreopora, Coelastrea, Dipsastraea, Gardineroseris, Goniopora, Montipora, Pavona, Platygyra, and Psammocora. For a southern central Red Sea outbreak site, overall prevalence was 40 times higher than baseline (1.7%). Differential susceptibility to BBD was apparent among coral genera with Dipsastraea (prevalence 6.1%), having more diseased colonies than was expected based on its abundance within transects. Analysis of the microbial community associated with the BBD mat showed that it is dominated by a consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. We detected the three main indicators for BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)), with high similarity to BBD-associated microbes found worldwide. More specifically, the microbial consortium of BBD-diseased coral colonies in the Red Sea consisted of Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria), Desulfovibrio sp. (SRB), and Arcobacter sp. (SOB). Given the similarity of associated bacteria worldwide, our data suggest that BBD represents a global coral disease with predictable etiology. Furthermore, we provide a baseline assessment of BBD disease prevalence in the Red Sea, a still understudied region. PeerJ Inc. 2018-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6046197/ /pubmed/30013839 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5169 Text en ©2018 Hadaidi et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Biogeography
Hadaidi, Ghaida
Ziegler, Maren
Shore-Maggio, Amanda
Jensen, Thor
Aeby, Greta
Voolstra, Christian R.
Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title_full Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title_fullStr Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title_full_unstemmed Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title_short Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event
title_sort ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the red sea during a bleaching event
topic Biogeography
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6046197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30013839
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5169
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