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The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests

Satellite data and aerial photos have proved to be useful in efficient conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems. However, there have been only very few attempts to demonstrate the ability of drone images, and none so far to observe vegetation (species-level) mapping. The present study comp...

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Autores principales: Ruwaimana, Monika, Satyanarayana, Behara, Otero, Viviana, M. Muslim, Aidy, Syafiq A., Muhammad, Ibrahim, Sulong, Raymaekers, Dries, Koedam, Nico, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020959
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200288
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author Ruwaimana, Monika
Satyanarayana, Behara
Otero, Viviana
M. Muslim, Aidy
Syafiq A., Muhammad
Ibrahim, Sulong
Raymaekers, Dries
Koedam, Nico
Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid
author_facet Ruwaimana, Monika
Satyanarayana, Behara
Otero, Viviana
M. Muslim, Aidy
Syafiq A., Muhammad
Ibrahim, Sulong
Raymaekers, Dries
Koedam, Nico
Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid
author_sort Ruwaimana, Monika
collection PubMed
description Satellite data and aerial photos have proved to be useful in efficient conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems. However, there have been only very few attempts to demonstrate the ability of drone images, and none so far to observe vegetation (species-level) mapping. The present study compares the utility of drone images (DJI-Phantom-2 with SJ4000 RGB and IR cameras, spatial resolution: 5cm) and satellite images (Pleiades-1B, spatial resolution: 50cm) for mangrove mapping—specifically in terms of image quality, efficiency and classification accuracy, at the Setiu Wetland in Malaysia. Both object- and pixel-based classification approaches were tested (QGIS v.2.12.3 with Orfeo Toolbox). The object-based classification (using a manual rule-set algorithm) of drone imagery with dominant land-cover features (i.e. water, land, Avicennia alba, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata and Casuarina equisetifolia) provided the highest accuracy (overall accuracy (OA): 94.0±0.5% and specific producer accuracy (SPA): 97.0±9.3%) as compared to the Pleiades imagery (OA: 72.2±2.7% and SPA: 51.9±22.7%). In addition, the pixel-based classification (using a maximum likelihood algorithm) of drone imagery provided better accuracy (OA: 90.0±1.9% and SPA: 87.2±5.1%) compared to the Pleiades (OA: 82.8±3.5% and SPA: 80.4±14.3%). Nevertheless, the drone provided higher temporal resolution images, even on cloudy days, an exceptional benefit when working in a humid tropical climate. In terms of the user-costs, drone costs are much higher, but this becomes advantageous over satellite data for long-term monitoring of a small area. Due to the large data size of the drone imagery, its processing time was about ten times greater than that of the satellite image, and varied according to the various image processing techniques employed (in pixel-based classification, drone >50 hours, Pleiades <5 hours), constituting the main disadvantage of UAV remote sensing. However, the mangrove mapping based on the drone aerial photos provided unprecedented results for Setiu, and was proven to be a viable alternative to satellite-based monitoring/management of these ecosystems. The improvements of drone technology will help to make drone use even more competitive in the future.
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spelling pubmed-60516062018-07-27 The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests Ruwaimana, Monika Satyanarayana, Behara Otero, Viviana M. Muslim, Aidy Syafiq A., Muhammad Ibrahim, Sulong Raymaekers, Dries Koedam, Nico Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid PLoS One Research Article Satellite data and aerial photos have proved to be useful in efficient conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems. However, there have been only very few attempts to demonstrate the ability of drone images, and none so far to observe vegetation (species-level) mapping. The present study compares the utility of drone images (DJI-Phantom-2 with SJ4000 RGB and IR cameras, spatial resolution: 5cm) and satellite images (Pleiades-1B, spatial resolution: 50cm) for mangrove mapping—specifically in terms of image quality, efficiency and classification accuracy, at the Setiu Wetland in Malaysia. Both object- and pixel-based classification approaches were tested (QGIS v.2.12.3 with Orfeo Toolbox). The object-based classification (using a manual rule-set algorithm) of drone imagery with dominant land-cover features (i.e. water, land, Avicennia alba, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata and Casuarina equisetifolia) provided the highest accuracy (overall accuracy (OA): 94.0±0.5% and specific producer accuracy (SPA): 97.0±9.3%) as compared to the Pleiades imagery (OA: 72.2±2.7% and SPA: 51.9±22.7%). In addition, the pixel-based classification (using a maximum likelihood algorithm) of drone imagery provided better accuracy (OA: 90.0±1.9% and SPA: 87.2±5.1%) compared to the Pleiades (OA: 82.8±3.5% and SPA: 80.4±14.3%). Nevertheless, the drone provided higher temporal resolution images, even on cloudy days, an exceptional benefit when working in a humid tropical climate. In terms of the user-costs, drone costs are much higher, but this becomes advantageous over satellite data for long-term monitoring of a small area. Due to the large data size of the drone imagery, its processing time was about ten times greater than that of the satellite image, and varied according to the various image processing techniques employed (in pixel-based classification, drone >50 hours, Pleiades <5 hours), constituting the main disadvantage of UAV remote sensing. However, the mangrove mapping based on the drone aerial photos provided unprecedented results for Setiu, and was proven to be a viable alternative to satellite-based monitoring/management of these ecosystems. The improvements of drone technology will help to make drone use even more competitive in the future. Public Library of Science 2018-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6051606/ /pubmed/30020959 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200288 Text en © 2018 Ruwaimana et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ruwaimana, Monika
Satyanarayana, Behara
Otero, Viviana
M. Muslim, Aidy
Syafiq A., Muhammad
Ibrahim, Sulong
Raymaekers, Dries
Koedam, Nico
Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid
The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title_full The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title_fullStr The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title_full_unstemmed The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title_short The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
title_sort advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020959
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200288
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