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Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters
In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30022043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28904-x |
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author | Aleman, Andrea C. Wang, Min Schaeffel, Frank |
author_facet | Aleman, Andrea C. Wang, Min Schaeffel, Frank |
author_sort | Aleman, Andrea C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when they study. We propose a new and perhaps unexpected reason. Work in animal models has shown that selective activation of ON or OFF pathways has also selective effects on eye growth. This is likely to be true also in humans. Using custom-developed software to process video frames of the visual environment in realtime we quantified relative ON and OFF stimulus strengths. We found that ON and OFF inputs were largely balanced in natural environments. However, black text on white paper heavily overstimulated retinal OFF pathways. Conversely, white text on black paper overstimulated ON pathways. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young human subjects, we found that the choroid, the heavily perfused layer behind the retina in the eye, becomes about 16 µm thinner in only one hour when subjects read black text on white background but about 10 µm thicker when they read white text from black background. Studies both in animal models and in humans have shown that thinner choroids are associated with myopia development and thicker choroids with myopia inhibition. Therefore, reading white text from a black screen or tablet may be a way to inhibit myopia, while conventional black text on white background may stimulate myopia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6052140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60521402018-07-23 Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters Aleman, Andrea C. Wang, Min Schaeffel, Frank Sci Rep Article In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when they study. We propose a new and perhaps unexpected reason. Work in animal models has shown that selective activation of ON or OFF pathways has also selective effects on eye growth. This is likely to be true also in humans. Using custom-developed software to process video frames of the visual environment in realtime we quantified relative ON and OFF stimulus strengths. We found that ON and OFF inputs were largely balanced in natural environments. However, black text on white paper heavily overstimulated retinal OFF pathways. Conversely, white text on black paper overstimulated ON pathways. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young human subjects, we found that the choroid, the heavily perfused layer behind the retina in the eye, becomes about 16 µm thinner in only one hour when subjects read black text on white background but about 10 µm thicker when they read white text from black background. Studies both in animal models and in humans have shown that thinner choroids are associated with myopia development and thicker choroids with myopia inhibition. Therefore, reading white text from a black screen or tablet may be a way to inhibit myopia, while conventional black text on white background may stimulate myopia. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6052140/ /pubmed/30022043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28904-x Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Aleman, Andrea C. Wang, Min Schaeffel, Frank Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title | Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title_full | Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title_fullStr | Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title_full_unstemmed | Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title_short | Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters |
title_sort | reading and myopia: contrast polarity matters |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30022043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28904-x |
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