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Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
A range of carbon nanomaterials, with varying dimensionality, were dispersed by a non-damaging and versatile chemical reduction route, and subsequently grafted by reaction with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) monobromides. The use of carbon nanomaterials with different geometries provides both a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Royal Society of Chemistry
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30090285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03595c |
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author | Leese, Hannah S. Govada, Lata Saridakis, Emmanuel Khurshid, Sahir Menzel, Robert Morishita, Takuya Clancy, Adam J. White, Edward. R. Chayen, Naomi E. Shaffer, Milo S. P. |
author_facet | Leese, Hannah S. Govada, Lata Saridakis, Emmanuel Khurshid, Sahir Menzel, Robert Morishita, Takuya Clancy, Adam J. White, Edward. R. Chayen, Naomi E. Shaffer, Milo S. P. |
author_sort | Leese, Hannah S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A range of carbon nanomaterials, with varying dimensionality, were dispersed by a non-damaging and versatile chemical reduction route, and subsequently grafted by reaction with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) monobromides. The use of carbon nanomaterials with different geometries provides both a systematic comparison of surface modification chemistry and the opportunity to study factors affecting specific applications. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite nanoplatelets, exfoliated few layer graphite and carbon black were functionalized with mPEG-Br, yielding grafting ratios relative to the nanocarbon framework between ca. 7 and 135 wt%; the products were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, TGA-MS, and electron microscopy. The functionalized materials were tested as nucleants by subjecting them to rigorous protein crystallization studies. Sparsely functionalized flat sheet geometries proved exceptionally effective at inducing crystallization of six proteins. This new class of nucleant, based on PEG grafted graphene-related materials, can be widely applied to promote the growth of 3D crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. The association of the protein ferritin with functionalized exfoliated few layer graphite was directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy, illustrating the formation of ordered clusters of protein molecules critical to successful nucleation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6054039 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60540392018-08-08 Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality Leese, Hannah S. Govada, Lata Saridakis, Emmanuel Khurshid, Sahir Menzel, Robert Morishita, Takuya Clancy, Adam J. White, Edward. R. Chayen, Naomi E. Shaffer, Milo S. P. Chem Sci Chemistry A range of carbon nanomaterials, with varying dimensionality, were dispersed by a non-damaging and versatile chemical reduction route, and subsequently grafted by reaction with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) monobromides. The use of carbon nanomaterials with different geometries provides both a systematic comparison of surface modification chemistry and the opportunity to study factors affecting specific applications. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite nanoplatelets, exfoliated few layer graphite and carbon black were functionalized with mPEG-Br, yielding grafting ratios relative to the nanocarbon framework between ca. 7 and 135 wt%; the products were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, TGA-MS, and electron microscopy. The functionalized materials were tested as nucleants by subjecting them to rigorous protein crystallization studies. Sparsely functionalized flat sheet geometries proved exceptionally effective at inducing crystallization of six proteins. This new class of nucleant, based on PEG grafted graphene-related materials, can be widely applied to promote the growth of 3D crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. The association of the protein ferritin with functionalized exfoliated few layer graphite was directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy, illustrating the formation of ordered clusters of protein molecules critical to successful nucleation. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016-04-01 2016-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6054039/ /pubmed/30090285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03595c Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is freely available. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (CC BY 3.0) |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Leese, Hannah S. Govada, Lata Saridakis, Emmanuel Khurshid, Sahir Menzel, Robert Morishita, Takuya Clancy, Adam J. White, Edward. R. Chayen, Naomi E. Shaffer, Milo S. P. Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality |
title | Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
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title_full | Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
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title_fullStr | Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
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title_full_unstemmed | Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
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title_short | Reductively PEGylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3D protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality
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title_sort | reductively pegylated carbon nanomaterials and their use to nucleate 3d protein crystals: a comparison of dimensionality |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30090285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03595c |
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