Survival and Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Patients with Medulloblastoma in Southern Thailand

BACKGROUND: The current prognosis of medulloblastoma in children is better because of technological advancements and improvements in treatment strategies and genetic investigations. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on medulloblastoma in Thailand. The aims of our study were to conduct a survival analysis and to identify the prognostic factors of pediatric medulloblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five children, with medulloblastoma, were eligible for analysis between 1991 and 2015. We retrospectively reviewed both the clinical and the histological data. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. For comparisons of dichotomous factors, between groups, the log-rank test was used to determine survival. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the univariate and multivariate survival predictors. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 49.1% in this study. The median follow-up time was 68.8 months (range: 1–294 months). The 5-year overall survival rate and median survival time were 53.8% (95% CI 38.7–66.7) and 80 months (95% CI 23–230), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed children <3 years of age, hemispheric tumor location, high risk according to risk stratification, and patients who did not receive radiation therapy affected the prognosis. In multivariable analysis, hemispheric tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.54 [95% CI 1.11–5.80]; P = 0.01)and high risk groups (HR 3.86 [95% CI 1.28–11.60]; P = 0.01) influenced death. Finally, using conditional inference trees, the study showed that hemispheric tumor locations are truly aggressive in behavior, whereas risk stratification is associated with the prognosis of midline tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Hemispheric medulloblastoma and high-risk groups according to risk stratification were associated with poor prognosis.