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Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems

Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed protein fibers that play key roles in the bacterial life cycle via surface attachment/adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and development. The order Myxococcales (myxobacteria) are members of the class Deltaproteobacteria and known for their large genome siz...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Gaurav, Burrows, Lori L., Singer, Mitchell
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30072980
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01630
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author Sharma, Gaurav
Burrows, Lori L.
Singer, Mitchell
author_facet Sharma, Gaurav
Burrows, Lori L.
Singer, Mitchell
author_sort Sharma, Gaurav
collection PubMed
description Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed protein fibers that play key roles in the bacterial life cycle via surface attachment/adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and development. The order Myxococcales (myxobacteria) are members of the class Deltaproteobacteria and known for their large genome size and complex social behaviors, including gliding motility, fruiting body formation, biofilm production, and prey hunting. Myxococcus xanthus, the best-characterized member of the order, relies on the appropriate expression of 17 type IVa (T4aP) genes organized in a single cluster plus additional genes (distributed throughout the genome) for social motility and development. Here, we compared T4aP genes organization within the myxobacteria to understand their evolutionary origins and diversity. We found that T4aP genes are organized as large clusters in suborder Cystobacterineae, whereas in other two suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae, these genes are dispersed throughout the genome. Based on the genomic organization, the phylogeny of conserved proteins, and synteny studies among 28 myxobacterial and 66 Proteobacterial genomes, we propose an evolutionary model for the origin of myxobacterial T4aP genes independently from other orders in class Deltaproteobacteria. Considering a major role for T4P, this study further proposes the origins and evolution of social motility in myxobacteria and provides a foundation for understanding how complex-behavioral traits, such as gliding motility, multicellular development, etc., might have evolved in this diverse group of complex organisms.
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spelling pubmed-60602482018-08-02 Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems Sharma, Gaurav Burrows, Lori L. Singer, Mitchell Front Microbiol Microbiology Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed protein fibers that play key roles in the bacterial life cycle via surface attachment/adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and development. The order Myxococcales (myxobacteria) are members of the class Deltaproteobacteria and known for their large genome size and complex social behaviors, including gliding motility, fruiting body formation, biofilm production, and prey hunting. Myxococcus xanthus, the best-characterized member of the order, relies on the appropriate expression of 17 type IVa (T4aP) genes organized in a single cluster plus additional genes (distributed throughout the genome) for social motility and development. Here, we compared T4aP genes organization within the myxobacteria to understand their evolutionary origins and diversity. We found that T4aP genes are organized as large clusters in suborder Cystobacterineae, whereas in other two suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae, these genes are dispersed throughout the genome. Based on the genomic organization, the phylogeny of conserved proteins, and synteny studies among 28 myxobacterial and 66 Proteobacterial genomes, we propose an evolutionary model for the origin of myxobacterial T4aP genes independently from other orders in class Deltaproteobacteria. Considering a major role for T4P, this study further proposes the origins and evolution of social motility in myxobacteria and provides a foundation for understanding how complex-behavioral traits, such as gliding motility, multicellular development, etc., might have evolved in this diverse group of complex organisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6060248/ /pubmed/30072980 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01630 Text en Copyright © 2018 Sharma, Burrows and Singer. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Sharma, Gaurav
Burrows, Lori L.
Singer, Mitchell
Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title_full Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title_fullStr Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title_full_unstemmed Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title_short Diversity and Evolution of Myxobacterial Type IV Pilus Systems
title_sort diversity and evolution of myxobacterial type iv pilus systems
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6060248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30072980
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01630
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