Study of Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness and Its Correlation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to compare the different adiposity parameters, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. In addition, it aimed to correlate these adiposity indices with hormonal parameters as well as cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed PCOS patients of reproductive age group according to Rotterdam criteria were included. Age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy females with normal menstrual cycles were taken as controls. All the study participants underwent detailed clinical, biochemical, and hormonal evaluation. Transabdominal ultrasound (US) was performed for detailed ovary imaging and assessment of adiposity (SAT and VAT) parameters. RESULTS: A total of 58 PCOS patients and 40 age- and BMI-matched controls were included. PCOS patients had significantly higher levels of androgens (P < 0.001), elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein (P = 0.007), and higher degree of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) than controls. PCOS patients had a mean SAT of 2.37 ± 0.7 cm and mean VAT of 8.65 ± 1.78 cm. These parameters were significantly higher than controls who had a mean SAT of 2.01 ± 0.7 cm (P = 0.014) and mean VAT of 7.4 ± 1.89 cm (P = 0.003), despite both groups having similar BMI. Among PCOS cohort, VAT correlated positively with total testosterone (r = 0.295, P = 0.025) and negatively with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = −0.210, P = 0.114). However, no significant correlation was observed between SAT and androgens in PCOS group. CONCLUSION: PCOS patients, whether obese or nonobese, had elevated visceral adiposity than controls. VAT correlated positively with adverse CV risk factors and testosterone in PCOS patients. Hence, a simple and inexpensive ultrasonography screening of visceral fat may identify women who have adverse metabolic profile and enhanced CV risk.