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Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia
BACKGROUND: The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30052648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201295 |
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author | Borkenhagen, Laura K. Mallinson, Kerry A. Tsao, Rick W. Ha, Siaw-Jing Lim, Wei-Honn Toh, Teck-Hock Anderson, Benjamin D. Fieldhouse, Jane K. Philo, Sarah E. Chong, Kuek-Sen Lindsley, William G. Ramirez, Alejandro Lowe, James F. Coleman, Kristen K. Gray, Gregory C. |
author_facet | Borkenhagen, Laura K. Mallinson, Kerry A. Tsao, Rick W. Ha, Siaw-Jing Lim, Wei-Honn Toh, Teck-Hock Anderson, Benjamin D. Fieldhouse, Jane K. Philo, Sarah E. Chong, Kuek-Sen Lindsley, William G. Ramirez, Alejandro Lowe, James F. Coleman, Kristen K. Gray, Gregory C. |
author_sort | Borkenhagen, Laura K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways. STUDY: This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses. RESULTS: In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6063427 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60634272018-08-09 Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia Borkenhagen, Laura K. Mallinson, Kerry A. Tsao, Rick W. Ha, Siaw-Jing Lim, Wei-Honn Toh, Teck-Hock Anderson, Benjamin D. Fieldhouse, Jane K. Philo, Sarah E. Chong, Kuek-Sen Lindsley, William G. Ramirez, Alejandro Lowe, James F. Coleman, Kristen K. Gray, Gregory C. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways. STUDY: This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses. RESULTS: In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection. Public Library of Science 2018-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6063427/ /pubmed/30052648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201295 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Borkenhagen, Laura K. Mallinson, Kerry A. Tsao, Rick W. Ha, Siaw-Jing Lim, Wei-Honn Toh, Teck-Hock Anderson, Benjamin D. Fieldhouse, Jane K. Philo, Sarah E. Chong, Kuek-Sen Lindsley, William G. Ramirez, Alejandro Lowe, James F. Coleman, Kristen K. Gray, Gregory C. Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title | Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title_full | Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title_fullStr | Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title_full_unstemmed | Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title_short | Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia |
title_sort | surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in sarawak, malaysia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30052648 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201295 |
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