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The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis
BACKGROUND: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome in men. NGU may have several causes, but many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections that may also cause complications in their female partners. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are the most common causes of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30052651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201380 |
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author | Frølund, Maria Wikström, Arne Lidbrink, Peter Abu Al-Soud, Waleed Larsen, Niels Harder, Christoffer Bugge Sørensen, Søren Johannes Jensen, Jørgen Skov Ahrens, Peter |
author_facet | Frølund, Maria Wikström, Arne Lidbrink, Peter Abu Al-Soud, Waleed Larsen, Niels Harder, Christoffer Bugge Sørensen, Søren Johannes Jensen, Jørgen Skov Ahrens, Peter |
author_sort | Frølund, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome in men. NGU may have several causes, but many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections that may also cause complications in their female partners. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are the most common causes of NGU, but in up to 35% of the cases, none of the known viral or bacterial causes are found. Traditionally, pathogens have been detected using various culture techniques that may not identify all species present in the urethra. To address this, we used culture-independent methods for analysis of the male urethral microbiota. METHODS: This case-control study analysed first void urine samples, collected at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden from men with idiopathic urethritis (IU), i.e. negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and -2 together with samples from men without urethritis. Forty-six controls and 39 idiopathic urethritis patients were analysed. RESULTS: The microbiota was highly diverse: None of the 302 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in negative controls and IU patients were found in all of the samples or even in all of the samples in one group. More than 50% of the OTUs were only found in one or two of the total of 85 samples. Still the most dominant 1/6 of the genera constituted 79% of the sequences. Hierarchical clustering in a heatmap showed no specific clustering of patients or controls. A number of IU patient samples were dominated by a single genus previously related to urethritis (Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Ureaplasma). CONCLUSION: The male urethra contain a very diverse composition of bacteria, even in healthy controls. NGU may be caused by a number of different bacteria but more studies including a higher number of samples are needed for elucidation of the role of each species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6063444 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60634442018-08-09 The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis Frølund, Maria Wikström, Arne Lidbrink, Peter Abu Al-Soud, Waleed Larsen, Niels Harder, Christoffer Bugge Sørensen, Søren Johannes Jensen, Jørgen Skov Ahrens, Peter PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome in men. NGU may have several causes, but many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections that may also cause complications in their female partners. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are the most common causes of NGU, but in up to 35% of the cases, none of the known viral or bacterial causes are found. Traditionally, pathogens have been detected using various culture techniques that may not identify all species present in the urethra. To address this, we used culture-independent methods for analysis of the male urethral microbiota. METHODS: This case-control study analysed first void urine samples, collected at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden from men with idiopathic urethritis (IU), i.e. negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and -2 together with samples from men without urethritis. Forty-six controls and 39 idiopathic urethritis patients were analysed. RESULTS: The microbiota was highly diverse: None of the 302 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in negative controls and IU patients were found in all of the samples or even in all of the samples in one group. More than 50% of the OTUs were only found in one or two of the total of 85 samples. Still the most dominant 1/6 of the genera constituted 79% of the sequences. Hierarchical clustering in a heatmap showed no specific clustering of patients or controls. A number of IU patient samples were dominated by a single genus previously related to urethritis (Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Ureaplasma). CONCLUSION: The male urethra contain a very diverse composition of bacteria, even in healthy controls. NGU may be caused by a number of different bacteria but more studies including a higher number of samples are needed for elucidation of the role of each species. Public Library of Science 2018-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6063444/ /pubmed/30052651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201380 Text en © 2018 Frølund et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Frølund, Maria Wikström, Arne Lidbrink, Peter Abu Al-Soud, Waleed Larsen, Niels Harder, Christoffer Bugge Sørensen, Søren Johannes Jensen, Jørgen Skov Ahrens, Peter The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title | The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title_full | The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title_fullStr | The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title_full_unstemmed | The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title_short | The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
title_sort | bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063444/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30052651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201380 |
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