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The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes

Practicing sport at the highest level is typically accompanied by several stressors and restrictions on personal life. Elite athletes’ lifestyle delivers a significant challenge to sleep, due to both the physiological and psychological demands, and the training and competition schedules. Inter-indiv...

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Autores principales: Nedelec, Mathieu, Aloulou, Anis, Duforez, François, Meyer, Tim, Dupont, Gregory
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30054756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0151-2
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author Nedelec, Mathieu
Aloulou, Anis
Duforez, François
Meyer, Tim
Dupont, Gregory
author_facet Nedelec, Mathieu
Aloulou, Anis
Duforez, François
Meyer, Tim
Dupont, Gregory
author_sort Nedelec, Mathieu
collection PubMed
description Practicing sport at the highest level is typically accompanied by several stressors and restrictions on personal life. Elite athletes’ lifestyle delivers a significant challenge to sleep, due to both the physiological and psychological demands, and the training and competition schedules. Inter-individual variability of sleep patterns (e.g., sleep requirements, chronotype) may have important implications not only for recovery and training schedules but also for the choice of measures to possibly improve sleep. This article provides a review of the current available literature regarding the variability of sleep among elite athletes and factors possibly responsible for this phenomenon. We also provide methodological approaches to better address the inter-individual variability of sleep in future studies with elite athletes. There is currently little scientific evidence supporting a specific influence of one particular type of sport on sleep; sleep disorders may be, however, more common in strength/power and contact sports. Sleep behavior may notably vary depending on the athlete’s typical daily schedule. The specificity of training and competition schedules possibly accounts for the single most influential factor leading to inconsistency in sleep among elite athletes (e.g., “social jet lag”). Additionally, athletes are affected by extensive exposure to electric light and evening use of electronic media devices. Therefore, the influence of ordinary sleep, poor sleep, and extended sleep as important additional contributors to training load should be studied. Future experimental studies on sleep and elite sport performance should systematically report the seasonal phase. Boarding conditions may provide a good option to standardize as many variables as possible without the inconvenience of laboratory. The use of interdisciplinary mixed-method approaches should be encouraged in future studies on sleep and elite sport. Finally, high inter- and intra-individual variability in the athletes’ sleep characteristics suggests a need for providing individual responses in addition to group means.
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spelling pubmed-60639762018-08-10 The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes Nedelec, Mathieu Aloulou, Anis Duforez, François Meyer, Tim Dupont, Gregory Sports Med Open Review Article Practicing sport at the highest level is typically accompanied by several stressors and restrictions on personal life. Elite athletes’ lifestyle delivers a significant challenge to sleep, due to both the physiological and psychological demands, and the training and competition schedules. Inter-individual variability of sleep patterns (e.g., sleep requirements, chronotype) may have important implications not only for recovery and training schedules but also for the choice of measures to possibly improve sleep. This article provides a review of the current available literature regarding the variability of sleep among elite athletes and factors possibly responsible for this phenomenon. We also provide methodological approaches to better address the inter-individual variability of sleep in future studies with elite athletes. There is currently little scientific evidence supporting a specific influence of one particular type of sport on sleep; sleep disorders may be, however, more common in strength/power and contact sports. Sleep behavior may notably vary depending on the athlete’s typical daily schedule. The specificity of training and competition schedules possibly accounts for the single most influential factor leading to inconsistency in sleep among elite athletes (e.g., “social jet lag”). Additionally, athletes are affected by extensive exposure to electric light and evening use of electronic media devices. Therefore, the influence of ordinary sleep, poor sleep, and extended sleep as important additional contributors to training load should be studied. Future experimental studies on sleep and elite sport performance should systematically report the seasonal phase. Boarding conditions may provide a good option to standardize as many variables as possible without the inconvenience of laboratory. The use of interdisciplinary mixed-method approaches should be encouraged in future studies on sleep and elite sport. Finally, high inter- and intra-individual variability in the athletes’ sleep characteristics suggests a need for providing individual responses in addition to group means. Springer International Publishing 2018-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6063976/ /pubmed/30054756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0151-2 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review Article
Nedelec, Mathieu
Aloulou, Anis
Duforez, François
Meyer, Tim
Dupont, Gregory
The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title_full The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title_fullStr The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title_full_unstemmed The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title_short The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes
title_sort variability of sleep among elite athletes
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30054756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0151-2
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