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Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Parti...

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Autores principales: Guardone, Lisa, Armani, Andrea, Nucera, Daniele, Costanzo, Francesco, Mattiucci, Simonetta, Bruschi, Fabrizio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: EDP Sciences 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30058531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018034
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author Guardone, Lisa
Armani, Andrea
Nucera, Daniele
Costanzo, Francesco
Mattiucci, Simonetta
Bruschi, Fabrizio
author_facet Guardone, Lisa
Armani, Andrea
Nucera, Daniele
Costanzo, Francesco
Mattiucci, Simonetta
Bruschi, Fabrizio
author_sort Guardone, Lisa
collection PubMed
description A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by “anchovies or sardines” (15.1%), generic “raw seafood” (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.
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spelling pubmed-60652682018-08-09 Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades Guardone, Lisa Armani, Andrea Nucera, Daniele Costanzo, Francesco Mattiucci, Simonetta Bruschi, Fabrizio Parasite Review Article A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by “anchovies or sardines” (15.1%), generic “raw seafood” (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought. EDP Sciences 2018-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6065268/ /pubmed/30058531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018034 Text en © L. Guardone et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Guardone, Lisa
Armani, Andrea
Nucera, Daniele
Costanzo, Francesco
Mattiucci, Simonetta
Bruschi, Fabrizio
Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title_full Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title_fullStr Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title_full_unstemmed Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title_short Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
title_sort human anisakiasis in italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30058531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018034
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