A delayed presentation of splenic laceration and hemoperitoneum following an elective colonoscopy: A rare complication with uncertain risk factors

Splenic laceration is a rare yet often underreported complication of colonoscopy that is infrequently discussed with the patient during the consent process. Most cases present within 48 h after the inciting colonoscopy; a delayed presentation is rare. We present a case of splenic laceration with hemoperitoneum that manifested 5 days after the initial colonoscopy. The patient was treated conservatively. Traditionally perceived risk factors such as intra-abdominal adhesions, splenomegaly, anticoagulation use, biopsy, polypectomy, a technically challenging procedure, and anesthesia assistance have not been clearly shown to increase the incidence of splenic injury following a colonoscopy. Since the risk factors of splenic injury remain unclear, the clinical presentation is nonspecific, and the consequences can be serious, the endoscopist should make an effort to inform the patient of this rare complication before the procedure.