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Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy
Background. Smoke-free environment policies limit or eliminate the use of smoke-producing tobacco in designated areas thereby reducing second hand smoke. Enforcement is perceived as critical to the successful adoption of a smoke-free policy. However, there is limited guidance available regarding eff...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30004425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071386 |
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author | Wynne, Olivia Guillaumier, Ashleigh Twyman, Laura McCrabb, Sam Denham, Alexandra M. J. Paul, Christine Baker, Amanda L. Bonevski, Billie |
author_facet | Wynne, Olivia Guillaumier, Ashleigh Twyman, Laura McCrabb, Sam Denham, Alexandra M. J. Paul, Christine Baker, Amanda L. Bonevski, Billie |
author_sort | Wynne, Olivia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Smoke-free environment policies limit or eliminate the use of smoke-producing tobacco in designated areas thereby reducing second hand smoke. Enforcement is perceived as critical to the successful adoption of a smoke-free policy. However, there is limited guidance available regarding effective enforcement strategies. A systematic review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of enforcement strategies at increasing compliance with and enforcement of smoke-free policies; and to determine circumstances other than enforcement strategies that are associated with compliance with smoke-free policies. Design. Medline, Medline in Process, The Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases were searched using MeSH and keywords for relevant studies published between January 1980 and August 2017. A narrative synthesis and methodological quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. Results. Policy promotion and awareness-raising activities, signage, enforcement officers, and penalties for violations were the enforcement strategies most frequently cited as being associated with successful policy enforcement. Additionally, awareness of the laws, non-smoking management and lower staff smoking rates, and membership of a network guiding the policy enforcement contributed to higher compliance with smoke-free policies. Conclusions. There is weak evidence of the effectiveness of strategies associated with compliance with smoke-free policies. Given the evidence base is weak, well-designed trials utilizing appropriate evaluation designs are needed. Overall enforcement strategies associated with total smoke-free bans resulted in higher levels of compliance than strategies for policies that had only partial smoke-free bans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6068603 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60686032018-08-07 Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy Wynne, Olivia Guillaumier, Ashleigh Twyman, Laura McCrabb, Sam Denham, Alexandra M. J. Paul, Christine Baker, Amanda L. Bonevski, Billie Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Background. Smoke-free environment policies limit or eliminate the use of smoke-producing tobacco in designated areas thereby reducing second hand smoke. Enforcement is perceived as critical to the successful adoption of a smoke-free policy. However, there is limited guidance available regarding effective enforcement strategies. A systematic review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of enforcement strategies at increasing compliance with and enforcement of smoke-free policies; and to determine circumstances other than enforcement strategies that are associated with compliance with smoke-free policies. Design. Medline, Medline in Process, The Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases were searched using MeSH and keywords for relevant studies published between January 1980 and August 2017. A narrative synthesis and methodological quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. Results. Policy promotion and awareness-raising activities, signage, enforcement officers, and penalties for violations were the enforcement strategies most frequently cited as being associated with successful policy enforcement. Additionally, awareness of the laws, non-smoking management and lower staff smoking rates, and membership of a network guiding the policy enforcement contributed to higher compliance with smoke-free policies. Conclusions. There is weak evidence of the effectiveness of strategies associated with compliance with smoke-free policies. Given the evidence base is weak, well-designed trials utilizing appropriate evaluation designs are needed. Overall enforcement strategies associated with total smoke-free bans resulted in higher levels of compliance than strategies for policies that had only partial smoke-free bans. MDPI 2018-07-02 2018-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6068603/ /pubmed/30004425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071386 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wynne, Olivia Guillaumier, Ashleigh Twyman, Laura McCrabb, Sam Denham, Alexandra M. J. Paul, Christine Baker, Amanda L. Bonevski, Billie Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title | Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title_full | Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title_fullStr | Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title_full_unstemmed | Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title_short | Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy |
title_sort | signs, fines and compliance officers: a systematic review of strategies for enforcing smoke-free policy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30004425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071386 |
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