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A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings is an effective technology to ensure the steadiness of rotating machineries. Most of the existing fault diagnosis algorithms are supervised methods and generally require sufficient labeled data for training. However, the acquisition of labeled samples is o...

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Autores principales: Chen, Xinan, Wang, Zhipeng, Zhang, Zhe, Jia, Limin, Qin, Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29966321
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072097
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author Chen, Xinan
Wang, Zhipeng
Zhang, Zhe
Jia, Limin
Qin, Yong
author_facet Chen, Xinan
Wang, Zhipeng
Zhang, Zhe
Jia, Limin
Qin, Yong
author_sort Chen, Xinan
collection PubMed
description Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings is an effective technology to ensure the steadiness of rotating machineries. Most of the existing fault diagnosis algorithms are supervised methods and generally require sufficient labeled data for training. However, the acquisition of labeled samples is often laborious and costly in practice, whereas there are abundant unlabeled samples which also imply health information of bearings. Thus, it is worthwhile to develop semi-supervised methods of fault diagnosis to make effective use of the plentiful unlabeled samples. Nevertheless, considering the normal data are much more than the faulty ones, the problem of imbalanced data exists among unlabeled samples for fault diagnosis. Besides, in practice, bearings often work under uncertain and variable operation conditions, which would also have negative influence on fault diagnosis. To solve these issues, a novel hybrid method for bearing fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper: (1) Inspired by visibility graph, a novel fault feature extraction method named visibility graph feature (VGF) is proposed. The obtained features by VGF are natively insensitive to variable conditions, which has been validated by a simulation experiment in this paper; (2) On basis of VGF, to deal with imbalanced unlabeled data, graph-based rebalance semi-supervised learning (GRSSL) for fault diagnosis is proposed. In GRSSL, a graph based on a weighted sparse adjacency matrix is constructed by the k-nearest neighbors and Gaussian Kernel weighting algorithm by means of the samples. Then, a bivariate cost function over classification and normalized label variable is built up to rebalance the importance of labels. Finally, the proposed VGF-GRSSL method was verified by data collected from Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center. The experiment results show that the proposed method of bearing fault diagnosis performs effectively to deal with the imbalanced unlabeled data under variable conditions.
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spelling pubmed-60686082018-08-07 A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data Chen, Xinan Wang, Zhipeng Zhang, Zhe Jia, Limin Qin, Yong Sensors (Basel) Article Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings is an effective technology to ensure the steadiness of rotating machineries. Most of the existing fault diagnosis algorithms are supervised methods and generally require sufficient labeled data for training. However, the acquisition of labeled samples is often laborious and costly in practice, whereas there are abundant unlabeled samples which also imply health information of bearings. Thus, it is worthwhile to develop semi-supervised methods of fault diagnosis to make effective use of the plentiful unlabeled samples. Nevertheless, considering the normal data are much more than the faulty ones, the problem of imbalanced data exists among unlabeled samples for fault diagnosis. Besides, in practice, bearings often work under uncertain and variable operation conditions, which would also have negative influence on fault diagnosis. To solve these issues, a novel hybrid method for bearing fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper: (1) Inspired by visibility graph, a novel fault feature extraction method named visibility graph feature (VGF) is proposed. The obtained features by VGF are natively insensitive to variable conditions, which has been validated by a simulation experiment in this paper; (2) On basis of VGF, to deal with imbalanced unlabeled data, graph-based rebalance semi-supervised learning (GRSSL) for fault diagnosis is proposed. In GRSSL, a graph based on a weighted sparse adjacency matrix is constructed by the k-nearest neighbors and Gaussian Kernel weighting algorithm by means of the samples. Then, a bivariate cost function over classification and normalized label variable is built up to rebalance the importance of labels. Finally, the proposed VGF-GRSSL method was verified by data collected from Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center. The experiment results show that the proposed method of bearing fault diagnosis performs effectively to deal with the imbalanced unlabeled data under variable conditions. MDPI 2018-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6068608/ /pubmed/29966321 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072097 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Xinan
Wang, Zhipeng
Zhang, Zhe
Jia, Limin
Qin, Yong
A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title_full A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title_fullStr A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title_full_unstemmed A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title_short A Semi-Supervised Approach to Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Variable Conditions towards Imbalanced Unlabeled Data
title_sort semi-supervised approach to bearing fault diagnosis under variable conditions towards imbalanced unlabeled data
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29966321
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072097
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