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Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?

Lead exposure has been associated with psycho-neurological disorders. Elevated blood lead levels have been found in shooters. This study assesses the association between the blood lead levels of shooters and their levels of aggression. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, So...

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Autores principales: Naicker, Nisha, de Jager, Pieter, Naidoo, Shan, Mathee, Angela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071427
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author Naicker, Nisha
de Jager, Pieter
Naidoo, Shan
Mathee, Angela
author_facet Naicker, Nisha
de Jager, Pieter
Naidoo, Shan
Mathee, Angela
author_sort Naicker, Nisha
collection PubMed
description Lead exposure has been associated with psycho-neurological disorders. Elevated blood lead levels have been found in shooters. This study assesses the association between the blood lead levels of shooters and their levels of aggression. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa. Participants were recruited from four randomly selected shooting ranges with three randomly selected archery ranges used as a comparison group. A total of 118 (87 shooters and 31 archers) participants were included in the analysis. Aggressiveness was measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Shooters had significantly higher blood lead levels (BLL) compared to archers with 79.8% of shooters versus 22.6% of archers found to have a BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were significantly higher in shooters (p < 0.05) except for verbal aggression. In the bivariate and regression analyses, shooters with BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL were significantly associated with the hostility sub-scale (p = 0.03, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–7.261). Shooters have a significantly higher BLL and aggressiveness compared to archers. However, elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with hostility only. Interventions need to be put in place to prevent continued exposure and routine screening of populations at risk should be implemented.
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spelling pubmed-60687562018-08-07 Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters? Naicker, Nisha de Jager, Pieter Naidoo, Shan Mathee, Angela Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Lead exposure has been associated with psycho-neurological disorders. Elevated blood lead levels have been found in shooters. This study assesses the association between the blood lead levels of shooters and their levels of aggression. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa. Participants were recruited from four randomly selected shooting ranges with three randomly selected archery ranges used as a comparison group. A total of 118 (87 shooters and 31 archers) participants were included in the analysis. Aggressiveness was measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Shooters had significantly higher blood lead levels (BLL) compared to archers with 79.8% of shooters versus 22.6% of archers found to have a BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were significantly higher in shooters (p < 0.05) except for verbal aggression. In the bivariate and regression analyses, shooters with BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL were significantly associated with the hostility sub-scale (p = 0.03, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–7.261). Shooters have a significantly higher BLL and aggressiveness compared to archers. However, elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with hostility only. Interventions need to be put in place to prevent continued exposure and routine screening of populations at risk should be implemented. MDPI 2018-07-06 2018-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6068756/ /pubmed/29986448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071427 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Naicker, Nisha
de Jager, Pieter
Naidoo, Shan
Mathee, Angela
Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title_full Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title_fullStr Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title_full_unstemmed Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title_short Is There a Relationship between Lead Exposure and Aggressive Behavior in Shooters?
title_sort is there a relationship between lead exposure and aggressive behavior in shooters?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071427
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