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Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986426 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498 |
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author | Liu, Ying Campbell, John H. Stein, Ori Jiang, Lijia Hund, Jared Lu, Yongfeng |
author_facet | Liu, Ying Campbell, John H. Stein, Ori Jiang, Lijia Hund, Jared Lu, Yongfeng |
author_sort | Liu, Ying |
collection | PubMed |
description | Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to deterministically print millimeter-scale, low-density, and low atomic number (CHO) polymer matrices (“foams”). Deformation during development and drying of the foam structures remains a challenge when using certain commercial acrylic photo-resins. Acrylic resins were chosen in order to meet the low atomic number requirement for the foam; that requirement precludes the use of low-shrinkage organic/inorganic hybrid resins. Here, we compare the use of acrylic resins IP-S and IP-Dip. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to quantify the extent of the polymerization during 2PP vs. UV curing. The mechanical strength of beam and foam structures is examined, particularly the degree of deformation that occurs during the development and drying processes. The magnitude of the shrinkage is quantified, and finite element analysis is used in order to simulate the resulting deformation. Capillary drying forces during development are shown to be small and are likely below the elastic limit of the foam log-pile structures. In contrast, the substantial shrinkage in IP-Dip (~5–10%) causes large shear stresses and associated plastic deformation, particularly near constrained boundaries and locations with sharp density transitions. Use of IP-S with an improved writing procedure results in a marked reduction in deformation with a minor loss of resolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6070906 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60709062018-08-09 Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization Liu, Ying Campbell, John H. Stein, Ori Jiang, Lijia Hund, Jared Lu, Yongfeng Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to deterministically print millimeter-scale, low-density, and low atomic number (CHO) polymer matrices (“foams”). Deformation during development and drying of the foam structures remains a challenge when using certain commercial acrylic photo-resins. Acrylic resins were chosen in order to meet the low atomic number requirement for the foam; that requirement precludes the use of low-shrinkage organic/inorganic hybrid resins. Here, we compare the use of acrylic resins IP-S and IP-Dip. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to quantify the extent of the polymerization during 2PP vs. UV curing. The mechanical strength of beam and foam structures is examined, particularly the degree of deformation that occurs during the development and drying processes. The magnitude of the shrinkage is quantified, and finite element analysis is used in order to simulate the resulting deformation. Capillary drying forces during development are shown to be small and are likely below the elastic limit of the foam log-pile structures. In contrast, the substantial shrinkage in IP-Dip (~5–10%) causes large shear stresses and associated plastic deformation, particularly near constrained boundaries and locations with sharp density transitions. Use of IP-S with an improved writing procedure results in a marked reduction in deformation with a minor loss of resolution. MDPI 2018-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6070906/ /pubmed/29986426 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Ying Campbell, John H. Stein, Ori Jiang, Lijia Hund, Jared Lu, Yongfeng Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title | Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title_full | Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title_fullStr | Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title_full_unstemmed | Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title_short | Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization |
title_sort | deformation behavior of foam laser targets fabricated by two-photon polymerization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986426 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498 |
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