Cargando…

Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization

Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Liu, Ying, Campbell, John H., Stein, Ori, Jiang, Lijia, Hund, Jared, Lu, Yongfeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070906/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986426
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498
_version_ 1783343761768579072
author Liu, Ying
Campbell, John H.
Stein, Ori
Jiang, Lijia
Hund, Jared
Lu, Yongfeng
author_facet Liu, Ying
Campbell, John H.
Stein, Ori
Jiang, Lijia
Hund, Jared
Lu, Yongfeng
author_sort Liu, Ying
collection PubMed
description Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to deterministically print millimeter-scale, low-density, and low atomic number (CHO) polymer matrices (“foams”). Deformation during development and drying of the foam structures remains a challenge when using certain commercial acrylic photo-resins. Acrylic resins were chosen in order to meet the low atomic number requirement for the foam; that requirement precludes the use of low-shrinkage organic/inorganic hybrid resins. Here, we compare the use of acrylic resins IP-S and IP-Dip. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to quantify the extent of the polymerization during 2PP vs. UV curing. The mechanical strength of beam and foam structures is examined, particularly the degree of deformation that occurs during the development and drying processes. The magnitude of the shrinkage is quantified, and finite element analysis is used in order to simulate the resulting deformation. Capillary drying forces during development are shown to be small and are likely below the elastic limit of the foam log-pile structures. In contrast, the substantial shrinkage in IP-Dip (~5–10%) causes large shear stresses and associated plastic deformation, particularly near constrained boundaries and locations with sharp density transitions. Use of IP-S with an improved writing procedure results in a marked reduction in deformation with a minor loss of resolution.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6070906
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-60709062018-08-09 Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization Liu, Ying Campbell, John H. Stein, Ori Jiang, Lijia Hund, Jared Lu, Yongfeng Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to deterministically print millimeter-scale, low-density, and low atomic number (CHO) polymer matrices (“foams”). Deformation during development and drying of the foam structures remains a challenge when using certain commercial acrylic photo-resins. Acrylic resins were chosen in order to meet the low atomic number requirement for the foam; that requirement precludes the use of low-shrinkage organic/inorganic hybrid resins. Here, we compare the use of acrylic resins IP-S and IP-Dip. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to quantify the extent of the polymerization during 2PP vs. UV curing. The mechanical strength of beam and foam structures is examined, particularly the degree of deformation that occurs during the development and drying processes. The magnitude of the shrinkage is quantified, and finite element analysis is used in order to simulate the resulting deformation. Capillary drying forces during development are shown to be small and are likely below the elastic limit of the foam log-pile structures. In contrast, the substantial shrinkage in IP-Dip (~5–10%) causes large shear stresses and associated plastic deformation, particularly near constrained boundaries and locations with sharp density transitions. Use of IP-S with an improved writing procedure results in a marked reduction in deformation with a minor loss of resolution. MDPI 2018-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6070906/ /pubmed/29986426 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Ying
Campbell, John H.
Stein, Ori
Jiang, Lijia
Hund, Jared
Lu, Yongfeng
Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title_full Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title_fullStr Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title_full_unstemmed Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title_short Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
title_sort deformation behavior of foam laser targets fabricated by two-photon polymerization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070906/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986426
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070498
work_keys_str_mv AT liuying deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization
AT campbelljohnh deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization
AT steinori deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization
AT jianglijia deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization
AT hundjared deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization
AT luyongfeng deformationbehavioroffoamlasertargetsfabricatedbytwophotonpolymerization