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Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodeve...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Environmental Health Perspectives
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29648420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129 |
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author | Eskenazi, Brenda An, Sookee Rauch, Stephen A. Coker, Eric S. Maphula, Angelina Obida, Muvhulawa Crause, Madelein Kogut, Katherine R. Bornman, Riana Chevrier, Jonathan |
author_facet | Eskenazi, Brenda An, Sookee Rauch, Stephen A. Coker, Eric S. Maphula, Angelina Obida, Muvhulawa Crause, Madelein Kogut, Katherine R. Bornman, Riana Chevrier, Jonathan |
author_sort | Eskenazi, Brenda |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS. METHODS: The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother–child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children’s neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure. RESULTS: DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6071803 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Environmental Health Perspectives |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60718032018-08-07 Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa Eskenazi, Brenda An, Sookee Rauch, Stephen A. Coker, Eric S. Maphula, Angelina Obida, Muvhulawa Crause, Madelein Kogut, Katherine R. Bornman, Riana Chevrier, Jonathan Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS. METHODS: The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother–child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children’s neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure. RESULTS: DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129 Environmental Health Perspectives 2018-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6071803/ /pubmed/29648420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129 Text en EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. |
spellingShingle | Research Eskenazi, Brenda An, Sookee Rauch, Stephen A. Coker, Eric S. Maphula, Angelina Obida, Muvhulawa Crause, Madelein Kogut, Katherine R. Bornman, Riana Chevrier, Jonathan Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title | Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title_full | Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title_fullStr | Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title_short | Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa |
title_sort | prenatal exposure to ddt and pyrethroids for malaria control and child neurodevelopment: the vhembe cohort, south africa |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29648420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129 |
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