Energy-efficient CO(2) hydrogenation with fast response using photoexcitation of CO(2) adsorbed on metal catalysts

Many heterogeneous catalytic reactions occur at high temperatures, which may cause large energy costs, poor safety, and thermal degradation of catalysts. Here, we propose a light-assisted surface reaction, which catalyze the surface reaction using both light and heat as an energy source. Conventional metal catalysts such as ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, nickel, and copper were tested for CO(2) hydrogenation, and ruthenium showed the most distinct change upon light irradiation. CO(2) was strongly adsorbed onto ruthenium surface, forming hybrid orbitals. The band gap energy was reduced significantly upon hybridization, enhancing CO(2) dissociation. The light-assisted CO(2) hydrogenation used only 37% of the total energy with which the CO(2) hydrogenation occurred using only thermal energy. The CO(2) conversion could be turned on and off completely with a response time of only 3 min, whereas conventional thermal reaction required hours. These unique features can be potentially used for on-demand fuel production with minimal energy input.