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GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1

Seed size is one of the most important traits determining the yield of cereal crops. Many studies have been performed to uncover the mechanism of seed development. However, much remains to be understood, especially at the molecular level, although several genes involved in seed size have been identi...

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Autores principales: Choi, Beom Seok, Kim, Yeon Jeong, Markkandan, Kesavan, Koo, Yeon Jong, Song, Jong Tae, Seo, Hak Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29958473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071904
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author Choi, Beom Seok
Kim, Yeon Jeong
Markkandan, Kesavan
Koo, Yeon Jong
Song, Jong Tae
Seo, Hak Soo
author_facet Choi, Beom Seok
Kim, Yeon Jeong
Markkandan, Kesavan
Koo, Yeon Jong
Song, Jong Tae
Seo, Hak Soo
author_sort Choi, Beom Seok
collection PubMed
description Seed size is one of the most important traits determining the yield of cereal crops. Many studies have been performed to uncover the mechanism of seed development. However, much remains to be understood, especially at the molecular level, although several genes involved in seed size have been identified. Here, we show that rice Grain Width 2 (GW2), a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, can control seed development by catalyzing the ubiquitination of expansin-like 1 (EXPLA1), a cell wall-loosening protein that increases cell growth. Microscopic examination revealed that a GW2 mutant had a chalky endosperm due to the presence of loosely packed, spherical starch granules, although the grain shape was normal. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays showed a strong interaction between GW2 and EXPLA1. In vitro ubiquitination analysis demonstrated that EXPLA1 was ubiquitinated by GW2 at lysine 279 (K279). GW2 and EXPLA1 colocalized to the nucleus when expressed simultaneously. These results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates seed size by targeting EXPLA1 for degradation through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
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spelling pubmed-60733622018-08-13 GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1 Choi, Beom Seok Kim, Yeon Jeong Markkandan, Kesavan Koo, Yeon Jong Song, Jong Tae Seo, Hak Soo Int J Mol Sci Article Seed size is one of the most important traits determining the yield of cereal crops. Many studies have been performed to uncover the mechanism of seed development. However, much remains to be understood, especially at the molecular level, although several genes involved in seed size have been identified. Here, we show that rice Grain Width 2 (GW2), a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, can control seed development by catalyzing the ubiquitination of expansin-like 1 (EXPLA1), a cell wall-loosening protein that increases cell growth. Microscopic examination revealed that a GW2 mutant had a chalky endosperm due to the presence of loosely packed, spherical starch granules, although the grain shape was normal. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays showed a strong interaction between GW2 and EXPLA1. In vitro ubiquitination analysis demonstrated that EXPLA1 was ubiquitinated by GW2 at lysine 279 (K279). GW2 and EXPLA1 colocalized to the nucleus when expressed simultaneously. These results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates seed size by targeting EXPLA1 for degradation through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. MDPI 2018-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6073362/ /pubmed/29958473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071904 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Choi, Beom Seok
Kim, Yeon Jeong
Markkandan, Kesavan
Koo, Yeon Jong
Song, Jong Tae
Seo, Hak Soo
GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title_full GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title_fullStr GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title_full_unstemmed GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title_short GW2 Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for Rice Expansin-Like 1
title_sort gw2 functions as an e3 ubiquitin ligase for rice expansin-like 1
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29958473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071904
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