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A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application

The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as m...

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Autores principales: Baglioni, Michele, Poggi, Giovanna, Ciolli, Giulia, Fratini, Emiliano, Giorgi, Rodorico, Baglioni, Piero
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29976905
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071144
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author Baglioni, Michele
Poggi, Giovanna
Ciolli, Giulia
Fratini, Emiliano
Giorgi, Rodorico
Baglioni, Piero
author_facet Baglioni, Michele
Poggi, Giovanna
Ciolli, Giulia
Fratini, Emiliano
Giorgi, Rodorico
Baglioni, Piero
author_sort Baglioni, Michele
collection PubMed
description The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as micellar solutions and microemulsions. In this study, a microemulsion for the removal of wax spots from artistic surfaces was formulated. The nanostructured fluid includes a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., Triton X-100, and two apolar solvents, namely p-xylene and n-nonane. The solvents were selected on the basis of solubility tests of three waxes in several organic solvents. The nanostructured fluid was characterized by means of small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) and the information about micelle structure was used to understand the interaction between the microemulsion and the selected waxes. The microemulsion was then tested during the restoration of the frescoes in the Major Chapel of the Santa Croce Basilica in Florence, Italy. After some preliminary tests on fresco mockups reproduced in the laboratory, the nanostructured fluid was successfully used to clean some wax deposits from the real paintings, hardly removable with traditional physico-mechanical methods.
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spelling pubmed-60734452018-08-13 A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application Baglioni, Michele Poggi, Giovanna Ciolli, Giulia Fratini, Emiliano Giorgi, Rodorico Baglioni, Piero Materials (Basel) Article The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as micellar solutions and microemulsions. In this study, a microemulsion for the removal of wax spots from artistic surfaces was formulated. The nanostructured fluid includes a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., Triton X-100, and two apolar solvents, namely p-xylene and n-nonane. The solvents were selected on the basis of solubility tests of three waxes in several organic solvents. The nanostructured fluid was characterized by means of small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) and the information about micelle structure was used to understand the interaction between the microemulsion and the selected waxes. The microemulsion was then tested during the restoration of the frescoes in the Major Chapel of the Santa Croce Basilica in Florence, Italy. After some preliminary tests on fresco mockups reproduced in the laboratory, the nanostructured fluid was successfully used to clean some wax deposits from the real paintings, hardly removable with traditional physico-mechanical methods. MDPI 2018-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6073445/ /pubmed/29976905 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071144 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Baglioni, Michele
Poggi, Giovanna
Ciolli, Giulia
Fratini, Emiliano
Giorgi, Rodorico
Baglioni, Piero
A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title_full A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title_fullStr A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title_full_unstemmed A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title_short A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application
title_sort triton x-100-based microemulsion for the removal of hydrophobic materials from works of art: saxs characterization and application
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29976905
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071144
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